Participation and Protected Areas Governance: the Impact of Changing Influence of Local Authorities on the Conservation of the Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland

A Social–Ecological System Approach to Analyze Stakeholders’ Interactions within a Large-Scale Rangeland Restoration Program

“…Economic approaches can capture some of the market value of restoration derived from the actual use of a restored ecosystem good or service but are vaguer concerning the nonmarket values that are not expressed in prices (Daly and Farley 2004). The most effective leverage points for successful restoration and improved land management practices may not even lie within the economic system, but instead in social factors like rules, information transfers, and paradigms constructed around the related SESs (Meadows 2008). Stakeholders' attitudes and/or behavior and the level of consistency within the governance system may, therefore, facilitate restoration activities and progress, or cause dysfunction within the SESs that can lead to reversal or even elimination of the desired ecological progress (Berkes and Folke 2000, Hobbs 2007, Hobbs et al 2011.…”

Does Pastoralists' Participation in the Management of National Parks in Northern Norway Contribute to Adaptive Governance?

“…Although protected areas initially provided the means to safeguard these pastures/ecosystems from encroachments such as increased infrastructure, motorized transportation, and resource extraction, conservation decisions may subsequently have led to increased human traffic in sensitive herding areas and more disturbance by tourism. Aspects of "the new protected area paradigm," where emphasis is on seeing local communities as economic and cultural beneficiaries of protected areas (Niedzialkowski et al 2012), thus provide a challenge to reindeer husbandry. Alongside the traditional use of pasturing, hiking, logging, hunting, and fishing, more and new types of tourists have been introduced in the protected areas.…”

Ecosystem Services, Governance, and Stakeholder Participation: an Introduction

“…In contrast to previous contributions, which focus on the relationship between climate change and social-ecological systems, Niedzialkowski et al (2012) explore the effectiveness of changing modes of participation in protected area governance, discussing the limitations and problems of public participation. Their case study of the Bialowieza Primeval Forest between 1918 and 2010 demonstrates that power relations, a lack of a deliberative rationale, and instrumental reasons constituted the main drivers of the changing patterns of participation.…”