Participate and Gaseous Emissions from Natural Gas Furnaces and Water Heaters

Muhlbaier, J. L.

doi:10.1080/00022470.1981.10465356

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…We use F BC = 0.13 and F OC = 0.09 after Cheng et al [2001], but assume that F BC could be as high as 0.5. Muhlbaier [1981] measured the chemical composition of emissions from LPG furnaces, but the PM emission factors are much lower than those given by Smith et al [2000] for cooking devices. We assume that combustion for heating and cooking has the same speciation as for kerosene.…”

Section: Emission Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 71%

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A technology‐based global inventory of black and organic carbon emissions from combustion

et al. 2004

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[1] We present a global tabulation of black carbon (BC) and primary organic carbon (OC) particles emitted from combustion. We include emissions from fossil fuels, biofuels, open biomass burning, and burning of urban waste. Previous ''bottom-up'' inventories of black and organic carbon have assigned emission factors on the basis of fuel type and economic sector alone. Because emission rates are highly dependent on combustion practice, we consider combinations of fuel, combustion type, and emission controls and their prevalence on a regional basis. Central estimates of global annual emissions are 8.0 Tg for black carbon and 33.9 Tg for organic carbon. These estimates are lower than previously published estimates by 25-35%. The present inventory is based on 1996 fuel-use data, updating previous estimates that have relied on consumption data from 1984. An offset between decreased emission factors and increased energy use since the base year of the previous inventory prevents the difference between this work and previous inventories from being greater. The contributions of fossil fuel, biofuel, and open burning are estimated as 38%, 20%, and 42%, respectively, for BC, and 7%, 19%, and 74%, respectively, for OC. We present a bottom-up estimate of uncertainties in source strength by combining uncertainties in particulate matter emission factors, emission characterization, and fuel use. The total uncertainties are about a factor of 2, with uncertainty ranges of 4.3-22 Tg/yr for BC and 17-77 Tg/yr for OC. Low-technology combustion contributes greatly to both the emissions and the uncertainties. Advances in emission characterization for small residential, industrial, and mobile sources and topdown analysis combining field measurements and transport modeling with iterative inventory development will be required to reduce the uncertainties further.

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Section: Emission Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Measurements of light absorption at a natural gas boiler confirm that emissions of light‐absorbing material are quite low (B. Wehner, manuscript in preparation, 2003). Reported emissions from residential combustion [ Muhlbaier , 1981; Hildemann et al , 1991] are similar to those in the industrial sector.…”

Section: Emission Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A technology‐based global inventory of black and organic carbon emissions from combustion

et al. 2004

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“…Natural gas emissions are approximately 6% carbon, of which 67% is OC and 33% is EC (Muhlbaier, 1981). Coal particulate emissions from large sources are about (Smith et al, 1979).…”

Section: Stationary Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Carbon Particles in the Detroit Urban Area: Wintertime Sources and Sinks

Dasch

Cadle

1989

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The sources and sinks of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were studied in the Detroit area during the 1983-1984 and 1984-1985 winters. Based on fuel usage and emission estimates, the largest carbon source was residential wood burning, which contributed 60% of OC emissions and 49% of EC emissions. Diesel vehicles contributed another 6% of OC emissions and 2% of EC emissions. Commercial and residential coal burning also contributed 27% of OC and 13% of EC. The sinks of atmospheric carbon were determined by measuring the carbon content of atmospheric particles, wet deposition and dry deposition. Carbon levels in air particles averaged 5.6 p g / d OC and 2.2 pg/d EC.Precipitation concentrations averaged 760 pg/L OC and 160 pg/L EC. The OC/EC ratio was higher in precipitation (4.7) than in ambient particles (2.5), indicating that a high OC/EC ratio increases the hygroscopicity of the particles, and hence, their removal by precipitation. Based on the known oxidation rate, insufficient EC is available in the atmosphere to significantly catalyze the oxidation of SO2 to sulfuric acid.

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“…On the other hand, when observing NOx, TSP and SO2 for the LNG unit, the emission levels were much lower in comparison with MPS and DPS. The reason is that the LNG power station runs on natural gas which is cleaner when combusted than heavy fuel oil and diesel since the sulfur content in natural gas is relatively low, with a value of 5.5 mg/m 3 ; this will lead to low sulfur dioxide emissions [14]. Another factor may be due to the fact that the energy source is in the gaseous state, thus, the filterable particulate matter is usually low in concentration.…”

Section: Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

From Heavy Fuel Oil to Liquified Natural Gas: Electricity Generation Transition in Malta

Avellino¹,

Bonello²

2021

World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering

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This study focuses on the shift in the source for electricity generation in Malta. This is done by comparing the emissions from two power stations (Marsa; MPS and Delimara; DPS) which ran on heavy fuel oil (HFO), with the emissions originating from the liquified natural gas (LNG) unit. This study also investigates the possible implications on the environment and the social perception of electricity generation in Malta over a period of 10 years. The pollutants emitted from power stations may affect the local air quality as well as regional and global environment through dispersal. These pollutants may act directly on different environmental matrices since they can eventually end up in soil and water through precipitation. Understanding the public perception is important since it will help in identifying particular knowledge gaps and misinformation, as well as their willingness to change the status quo on specific environmental issues. The air pollutants analysed were nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), total suspended particulates (TSP) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). The air quality analysis showed that overall, the oldest power station, situated in Marsa, emitted high quantities of emissions when compared to the other power stations especially with regards to NOx, TSP, and SO2. When it comes to public perception and disposition, results showed that the public noted and acknowledged a change in air quality over time. According to the findings, the public is aware and has been well informed with regards to the advantages related to liquified natural gas as an energy source, yet, the public seems not to be aware of the advantages related to heavy fuel oil.

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Participate and Gaseous Emissions from Natural Gas Furnaces and Water Heaters

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

A technology‐based global inventory of black and organic carbon emissions from combustion

A technology‐based global inventory of black and organic carbon emissions from combustion

Atmospheric Carbon Particles in the Detroit Urban Area: Wintertime Sources and Sinks

From Heavy Fuel Oil to Liquified Natural Gas: Electricity Generation Transition in Malta

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