“…In examinations of religion and spirituality associated with goal pursuit, researchers have found that the presence of explicitly spiritual or religious goals is associated with higher levels of well-being (Emmons, 1999), that high goal conflict and low goal meaning predict subsequent spiritual conversion (Schnitker et al, 2019), and that goals considered sacred or spiritual tend to be pursued more diligently and have exaggerated effects on well-being (Pargament et al, 2005). Likewise, studies have examined the content of goals for various target populations, such as youth rally organizers (Flatt & Haskell, 2016), catechists (de Kock, 2014), religious educators and parents (Hoge et al, 1982), and school teachers (e.g. Mansfield & Beltman, 2014), finding that goal content affects experiences and educational outcomes.…”