Participação comunitária na gestão de recursos pesqueiros na Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Soure, Amazônia Marajoara (PA)

Abstract

As políticas ambientais brasileiras criadas no final do século XX influenciaram significativamente o manejo dos recursos naturais no país. Elas possibilitaram novos tipos de gestão ambiental e a criação de áreas protegidas, atualmente gerenciadas por meio de dispositivos de governança que envolvem a esfera institucional e os arranjos locais. O Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC), especificamente as Reservas Extrativistas Marinhas (Resex), são exemplos-chave para pensar em como a governança territorial e ambiental, através de novos instrumentos, permite a gestão inovadora dos recursos naturais de modo sustentável, equitativo e compartilhado. Com base nessa premissa, o objetivo deste texto foi o de analisar a participação comunitária na gestão dos recursos pesqueiros na Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Soure, Marajó (PA). Para atingir esse objetivo, pesquisas de campo ocorreram entre 2015 e 2019 com base na perspectiva metodológica do estudo de caso e de métodos qualitativos de pesquisa, focados em geografia. Foram aplicadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação participante a pescadores artesanais e funcionários do Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) e houve participação em reuniões internas dos comunitários e do Conselho Deliberativo.
 
 Abstract
 
 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE FISHING RESOURCES IN SOURE MARINE EXTRACTIVE RESERVE, IN MARAJOARA AMAZON (PA)
 
 Brazilian environmental policies created at the end of the twentieth century have significantly influenced the management of natural resource in the country. They have made possible new types of environmental management and the creation of protected areas that are currently managed through governance devices involving the institutional sphere and local arrangements. The National System of Conservation Units, specifically, Marine Extractive Reserves, are key examples for thinking about how environmental governance, through new instruments, allows for innovative sustainable resource management, which is at once sustainable, equitable and shared. Based on this premise, this paper aims to analyze the community participation in the management of the fishing resources in the Soure Marine Extractive Reserve, Marajó (PA). To achieve this end, field researchs took place between 2015 and 2019 by using a case study methodological perspective and qualitative research methods, focused in geography. Moreover, I have applied semi structured interviews and participant observation with locals and Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation’s (ICMBio) staff and there was participation in the internal meetings of the locals and the Deliberative Council.

Fernando de Noronha (state of Pernambuco) fishermen’s local ecological knowledge regarding the fish species used as bait

“…The importance of local ecological knowledge is gradually being recognized in Brazil, mainly as a tool for the management of fisheries, applied in approaches such as fishery recruitment, growth, migration, trophic ecology, mortality, behavior, among other aspects (Feitosa et al, 2019;Neves, 2020;Kellermann et al, 2021).…”