Partially replacing fish oil with microalgae (
 Schizochytrium limacinum
 and
 Nannochloropsis oceanica
 ) in diets for rainbow trout (
 Oncorhynchus mykiss
 ) reared in saltwater with reference to growth performance, muscle fatty acid composition and liver ultrastructure

Serrano, E.; Simpfendörfer, Robert W.; Medina, A.; Sandoval, Carlos; Martínez, Alexis; Morales, Rogelio Alejandro Alonso; Davies, Simon J.

doi:10.1111/are.15279

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…These results may suggest a potential for the algae blend to modulate the lipid metabolism of D. labrax juveniles through selective retention or catabolism of specific fatty acids. The observed decrease in linoleic and α-linolenic acids proportions in the muscle of fish fed algae supplemented diets is in agreement with previous reports in microalgae-supplemented diets for rainbow trout (82) and turbot (33), suggesting that these C18 PUFA may have been selectively catabolized. On the other hand, dietary algae blend supplementation up to 6% had no negative effect on muscle EPA, which may suggest a preferential deposition and retention of this essential fatty acid in the muscle of European seabass juveniles.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

A commercial blend of macroalgae and microalgae promotes digestibility, growth performance, and muscle nutritional value of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) juveniles

Mota

Pinto

Sá³

et al. 2023

Front. Nutr.

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Algae can leverage aquaculture sustainability and improve the nutritional and functional value of fish for human consumption, but may pose challenges to carnivorous fish. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of a commercial blend of macroalgae (Ulva sp. and Gracilaria gracilis) and microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis oceanica) in a plant-based diet up to 6% (dry matter basis) on digestibility, gut integrity, nutrient utilization, growth performance, and muscle nutritional value of European seabass juveniles. Fish (11.3 ± 2.70 g) were fed with isoproteic, isolipidic, and isoenergetic diets: (i) a commercial-type plant-based diet with moderate fishmeal (125 g kg−1 DM basis) and without algae blend (control diet; Algae0), (ii) the control diet with 2% algae blend (Algae2), (iii) the control diet with 4% algae blend (Algae4), and (iv) the control diet with 6% algae blend (Algae6) for 12 weeks. The digestibility of experimental diets was assessed in a parallel study after 20 days. Results showed that most nutrients and energy apparent digestibility coefficients were promoted by algae blend supplementation, with a concomitant increase in lipid and energy retention efficiencies. Growth performance was significantly promoted by the algae blend, the final body weight of fish fed Algae6 being 70% higher than that of fish fed Algae0 after 12 weeks, reflecting up to 20% higher feed intake of algae-fed fish and the enhanced anterior intestinal absorption area (up to 45%). Whole-body and muscle lipid contents were increased with dietary algae supplementation levels by up to 1.79 and 1.74 folds in Algae 6 compared to Algae0, respectively. Even though the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids was reduced, the content of EPA and DHA in the muscle of algae-fed fish increased by nearly 43% compared to Algae0. The skin and filet color of juvenile European seabass were significantly affected by the dietary inclusion of the algae blend, but changes were small in the case of muscle, meeting the preference of consumers. Overall results highlight the beneficial effects of the commercial algae blend (Algaessence®) supplementation in plant-based diets for European seabass juveniles, but feeding trials up to commercial-size fish are needed to fully assess its potential.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

A commercial blend of macroalgae and microalgae promotes digestibility, growth performance, and muscle nutritional value of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) juveniles

Mota

Pinto

Sá³

et al. 2023

Front. Nutr.

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“…Many efforts have been carried out from both research and aquaculture industries to partially replace FM with sustainable ingredients in fish feeds, without impairing fish growth and while giving insight into these sustainable ingredients. Alternatives such as vegetable ingredients [ 5 , 6 ], yeast [ 7 , 8 ], or microalgae [ 9 , 10 ] are some of the ingredients that are being studied currently. Following this line, the present study is focused on insects as one of the most interesting protein substitutes for FM [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fishmeal Dietary Replacement Up to 50%: A Comparative Study of Two Insect Meals for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Melenchón

Mercado

Pula

et al. 2022

Animals

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The demand of optimal protein for human consumption is growing. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has highlighted aquaculture as one of the most promising alternatives for this protein supply gap due to the high efficiency of fish growth. However, aquaculture has been facing its own sustainability problem, because its high demand for protein has been traditionally satisfied with the use of fishmeal (FM) as the main source. Some of the most promising and sustainable protein substitutes for FM come from insects. The present manuscript provides insight into an experiment carried out on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with a 50% replacement of FM with different larvae insect meals: Hermetia illucens (HI), and Tenebrio molitor (TM). TM showed better results for growth, protein utilization and more active digestive function, supported by intestinal histological changes. Liver histology and intermediary metabolism did not show relevant changes between insect meals, while other parameters such as antioxidant enzyme activities and tissue damage indicators showed the potential of insect meals as functional ingredients.

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“…Due to the altered hemolymph biochemical parameters in shrimp, we further investigated the effect of low fish meal diet supplementation with S. Limacinum on the expression of genes related to apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and autophagy in Litopenaeus vannamei. Lipid metabolism refers to the process of fat synthesis and catabolism, the digestion of fat, which is subject to the action of a variety of enzymes and bile (Serrano et al, 2021;Su et al, 2022). Lipid metabolism is mainly in the liver, and research has found that DHA can regulate the molecular mechanism of lipid metabolism and promote hepatocytes to stimulate the synthesis of lipoprotein lipase to further promote lipid metabolism (Morabito et al, 2019;Deragon et al, 2021).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Schizochytrium limacinum supplementation to a low fish-meal diet on growth performance, lipid metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy and intestinal histology of Litopenaeus vannamei

Yao

Lin²,

Shi³

et al. 2022

Front. Mar. Sci.

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In this experiment, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the addition of Schizochytrium limacinum to low fish meal diets on growth performance, apoptosis, autophagy, lipid metabolism, and intestinal health of Lipenaeus vanamei. The diet containing 25% fish meal was used as a positive control (FM) and the other three diets contained 15% fish meal and were supplemented with 0, 0.3, and 0.6% S. Limacinum (LF, LFLD, LFHD). The shrimp (0.22 ± 0.00 g) were divided into four replicates of 40 shrimp per tank and fed four times daily to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. Results showed that the final weight (FBW) and weight gain rate (WGR) of shrimp fed FM and LFHD diets were significantly increased compared to those fed the LFLD diet (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in survival rate (SR) and feed conversion rate (FCR) among the groups (P>0.05). Supplementation of S. Limacinum in low fish meal diets had no effects on shrimp body composition (P<0.05). There were significant differences (P<0.05) in low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) in the hemolymph of shrimp fed the LF diet compared to those fed the LFLD and LFHD diets. HE staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed that the microvilli height, mucosal folds height, mucosal folds width and muscle layer thickness in the intestine of shrimp fed the LF diet were significantly reduced compared to those fed the other three diets (P<0.05). Swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum and irregular mitochondria in the gut of shrimp fed the LF diet was also observed by TEM, and the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of shrimp fed the LFHD diet returned to a healthy state. Hepatopancreas genes expression results were showed that the gene expression of 5′ -AMP-activated protein kinase (ampk), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (scd1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (acc1), and malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (mcd) of shrimp fed the LF diet was significantly increased compared to those fed the FM diet (P<0.05). The gene expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (srbep) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (cpt-1) of shrimp fed the LFLD diet was significantly increased compared to those fed the LF diet (P<0.05). The gene expression of acc1, mcd and scd1 of shrimp fed the LFHD diet was significantly reduced compared to those fed the LF diet (P<0.05). Results of genes expression associated with apoptosis in the hepatopancreas showed that the gene expression of B lymphocytoma-2 (bcl-2), BCL2 associated X apoptosis regulator (bax) and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 8 (caspase 8) of shrimp fed the LF diet was significantly reduced compared to those fed the FM diet (P<0.05). The gene expression of bcl-2 of shrimp fed the LFHD diet was significantly reduced compared to those fed the LF diet (P<0.05). Genes related to autophagy in the hepatopancreas showed that the expression of autophagy-related protein 12 (atg 12), autophagy-related protein 13 (atg 13) and beclin1 of shrimp fed LF the diet was significantly reduced compared to those fed the FM diet (P<0.05). The gene expression of atg 12 and atg 13 of shrimp fed the LFHD diet was significantly increased compared to those fed the LF diet (P<0.05). In summary, reducing fish meal is detrimental to the growth performance and intestinal health of shrimp, and 0.6% S. Limacinum supplementation can improve the growth performance, promotes hepatopancreas lipid metabolism, reduces apoptosis, promotes autophagy and improve intestinal health of Litopenaeus vannamei.

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Partially replacing fish oil with microalgae ( Schizochytrium limacinum and Nannochloropsis oceanica ) in diets for rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) reared in saltwater with reference to growth performance, muscle fatty acid composition and liver ultrastructure

Cited by 17 publications

References 54 publications

A commercial blend of macroalgae and microalgae promotes digestibility, growth performance, and muscle nutritional value of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) juveniles

A commercial blend of macroalgae and microalgae promotes digestibility, growth performance, and muscle nutritional value of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) juveniles

Fishmeal Dietary Replacement Up to 50%: A Comparative Study of Two Insect Meals for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Effect of Schizochytrium limacinum supplementation to a low fish-meal diet on growth performance, lipid metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy and intestinal histology of Litopenaeus vannamei

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