Partially fluorinated copper phthalocyanine toward band engineering for high-efficiency organic photovoltaics

Kuzumoto, Yasutaka; Matsuyama, Hirotaka; Kitamura, M.

doi:10.7567/jjap.53.01ab03

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…To model the organic-metal and organic-organic interfaces of figure 1, phthalocyanine-derivatives are chosen because they allow simple replacement of central atoms and further functionalization by molecular side groups [78,79]. We use titanyl-phthalocyanine (TiOPc) as the bottom layer of the heterostructure: the intrinsic dipole moments of TiOPc have an antiparallel orientation in the first and second layer on Ag(111) with layer-by-layer growth and thereby provide a stable, weakly interacting contact layer [80][81][82][83].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced characterization of organic–metal and organic–organic interfaces: from photoelectron spectroscopy data to energy-level diagrams

et al. 2022

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Organic-metal and organic-organic interfaces account for the functionality of virtually all organic optoelectronic applications and the energy-level alignment is of particular importance for device performance. Often the energy-level alignment is simply estimated by metal work functions and ionization energies and electron affinities of the organic materials. However, various interfacial effects such as push back, mirror forces (also known as screening), electronic polarization or charge transfer affect the energy-level alignment. We perform X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS and UPS) measurements on copper-hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F16CuPc) and titanyl-phthalocyanine (TiOPc) thin films on Ag(111) and use TiOPc bilayers to decouple F16CuPc layers from the metal substrate. Even for our structurally well-characterized model interfaces and by stepwise preparation of vacuum-sublimed samples, a precise assignment of vacuum-level and energy-level shifts remains challenging. Nevertheless, our results provide guidelines for the interpretation of XPS and UPS data of organic-metal and organic-organic interfaces.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced characterization of organic–metal and organic–organic interfaces: from photoelectron spectroscopy data to energy-level diagrams

et al. 2022

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“…11,12) The fluorination of phthalocyanines leads to a decrease in energy level depending on the number of fluorine atoms. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] It has been reported that organic transistors having hexadecafluoro CuPc (F 16 CuPc) as a channel material operate as n-channel transistors. 8,20) This indicates that F 16 CuPc works as an ntype semiconductor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and electrical properties of fluorinated copper phthalocyanine toward organic photovoltaics: Post-annealing effect under pressure

Kuzumoto

Matsuyama

Kitamura

2014

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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The morphology and current–voltage characteristics of organic films with copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and hexadecafluoro CuPc (F16CuPc) prepared under different conditions have been investigated. Substrate heating improved the current–voltage characteristics of CuPc single-layer devices. Also, substrate heating from room temperature suppressed breakdown at low voltages in F16CuPc devices. In addition, the post-annealing effects under pressure on the current–voltage characteristics of CuPc/F16CuPc devices were investigated. Although a CuPc/F16CuPc device prepared at a substrate temperature of 120 °C exhibited a reverse rectifying property and provided no photocurrent, a CuPc/F16CuPc device post-annealed at 300 °C under pressure showed a normal rectifying property and worked as a photovoltaic cell.

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“…Most organic semiconductors, including the majority of thin Pc films, are p-type materials. Therefore, the publications demonstrating that copper phthalocyanine fluorination (formation C 32 H 12 N 8 CuF x (CuPcF x ), x = 4, 8, 16) causes the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) to move in the direction of higher binding energies are particularly attractive. − As a result, the position of the Fermi level in the band gap is shifted toward the LUMO bottom, which is a prerequisite for the change of the hole conductivity in copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) to the electron conductivity in CuPcF x . This means that CuPcF x is an exclusive material with a wide band gap and delocalized π orbitals for organic-based electronic devices .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D/3D Metallic Nano-objects Self-Organized in an Organic Molecular Thin Film

et al. 2020

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We present the fabrication and investigation of the properties of nanocomposite structures consisting of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) metallic nano-objects self-organized on the surface and inside of organic molecular thin-film copper tetrafluorophthalocyanine (CuPcF4). Metallic atoms, deposited under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions onto the organic ultrathin film, diffuse along the surface and self-assemble into a system of 2D metallic overlayers. At the same time, the majority of the metal atoms diffuse into the organic matrix and self-organize into 3D nanoparticles (NPs) in a well-defined manner. The evolution of the morphology and electronic properties of such structures as a function of nominal metal content is studied under UHV conditions using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) techniques. Using HR-TEM, we have observed the periodicity of atomic planes of individual silver NPs. The steady formation of agglomerates from individual single nanocrystallites with intercrystallite boundaries is observed as well. PES reveals generally weak chemical interactions between silver and the organic matrix and n-doping of CuPcF4 at the initial stages of silver deposition, which is associated with charge transfer from the 2D wetting layer on the basis of core-level spectra shift analysis.

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Partially fluorinated copper phthalocyanine toward band engineering for high-efficiency organic photovoltaics

Cited by 8 publications

References 47 publications

Advanced characterization of organic–metal and organic–organic interfaces: from photoelectron spectroscopy data to energy-level diagrams

Advanced characterization of organic–metal and organic–organic interfaces: from photoelectron spectroscopy data to energy-level diagrams

Structural and electrical properties of fluorinated copper phthalocyanine toward organic photovoltaics: Post-annealing effect under pressure

2D/3D Metallic Nano-objects Self-Organized in an Organic Molecular Thin Film

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