Partialling out the Spatial Component of Ecological Variation

Borcard, Daniel; Legendre, Pierre; Drapeau, Pierre

doi:10.2307/1940179

Cited by 3,818 publications

(3,622 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Fortunately, the development of VPA protocols allows some measure of objectivity in quantifying the relation between environmental and biological time series (Borcard et al 1992;Hall et al 1999a). Although we recognize that VPA potentially suffers from the same numeric difficulties as other multivariate and correlation-based analyses (lag effects, lurking variables, nonsense correla-tions), comparison of VPA among lakes and fossil indicators can help reduce the possibility of spurious results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas algae are affected predominantly by short-term local factors (Allen et al 1999), chironomids are more influenced by primary production (Berg and Hellenthal 1992), benthic oxygen (Little and Smol 2001;Quinlan and Smol 2001), water chemistry (Verschuren et al 2000), and substrate conditions (Cogerino et al 1995), factors that integrate environmental change over seasonal to annual timescales (Walker et al 1991;Walker 2001). Fortunately, with recent advances in variance partitioning techniques (Borcard et al 1992;Hall et al 1999a), it is now possible to quantify the statistical relationships to, and relative importance of, historical environmental change in relation to past invertebrate community variability.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Landscape effects of climate, agriculture, and urbanization on benthic invertebrate communities of Canadian prairie lakes

Quinlan

Leavitt

Dixit

et al. 2002

Limnology & Oceanography

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Paleoecological analyses of fossil chironomid assemblages from eight lakes of the Qu'Appelle Valley, Saskatchewan, Canada, were used to quantify the relative influence of climate, resource use, and urbanization on benthic invertebrate communities 1850-1995. Fossil analyses inferred that Qu'Appelle lakes are naturally productive but that invertebrate communities were altered by agriculture and urbanization. In western lakes, rates of community change (chord distance per 5 yr) were low and nonsignificant (P Ͼ 0.05) prior to European settlement, but increased twofold after ϳ1930-1940. In contrast, uniformly significant rates of community change were recorded in eastern downstream lakes only after the 1960s. In both cases, high rates of change corresponded to alterations in the balance between deep-water (Chironomus) and littoral species (Cladotanytarsus mancus group, Tanytarsus s.lat. [s.l.]).Comparison of historical and fossil time series (ϳ1920-1993) using variance partitioning analysis (VPA) explained up to 86.6% of past variations in chironomid community composition. Unexpectedly, climate (winter temperature) explained a significant (P Ͻ 0.05) and substantial (mean Ϯ SD, n ϭ 8; 24.8 Ϯ 21.9%) amount of community variance at all sites except Round Lake. In contrast, land-use practices exhibited significant but less substantial (6.7 Ϯ 6.1%, n ϭ 8) impacts on zoobenthos of five lakes, whereas significant urban impacts (3.6 Ϯ 7.5%, n ϭ 8) were recorded only at two sites. Similarly, redundancy analysis showed that minimum winter or spring temperature significantly influenced the relative abundance of littoral taxa in seven lakes. Such strong effects of climate on benthic invertebrate communities contrast its weak effects on phytoplankton in these lakes and suggest that future environmental change may be expressed differentially among habitats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape effects of climate, agriculture, and urbanization on benthic invertebrate communities of Canadian prairie lakes

Quinlan

Leavitt

Dixit

et al. 2002

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…In order to assess the contribution to the variance of the three categories of explanatory variables, the variance was partialled according to Borcard et al (1992). Figure 9 shows that botanical composition explains 18"6% of the variability of the community of the testate amoebae; the peat's physical and chemical characteristics explain 6-9 % with a crosseffect of 12-1%, indicating the influence of the composition of the peat on its properties.…”

Section: Environmental Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical patterns of testate amoebae (Protozoa: Rhizopoda) and peat‐forming vegetation on cutover bogs in the Jura, Switzerland

et al. 1996

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SUMMARYThe spatial and temporal processes of secondary vegetation development on abandoned cutover bog surfaces in the Jura region of northwest Switzerland have been examined. Descriptions of post-abandonment development of peatland based on the vegetation composition of replacement series from previous studies of vegetation ecology have been confirmed by analysis of testate amoebae (Protozoa) in vertical sequences of secondary peat underlying the most advanced vegetation communities in the series. Recovery of bog habitats to conditions similar to those before cutting was rapid. Testate amoebae show this recovery occurred through several different developmental series, all of which led to a common convergence regardless of the initial condition of the old cutover surface. Cutover bogs can be fully restored and testate amoebae are a sensitive new means of monitoring habitat changes in bogs.

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“…All 197 features were analyzed using variation partitioning (Borcard, Legendre, & Drapeau, 1992) to explore the explanatory power that the soil variables (soil pH, EC, and C/N), geographic region, and phenological stage had on metabolic phenotypes, using the varpart function within the R package “vegan” (R Core Team, 2016; Oksanen et al., 2017). Geographic region and distance were found to have co‐linear relationships, and therefore, distance was not included as a separate factor in variation partitioning analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untargeted metabolic profiling reveals geography as the strongest predictor of metabolic phenotypes of a cosmopolitan weed

Ahlstrand

Reghev

Markussen

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Plants produce a multitude of metabolites that contribute to their fitness and survival and play a role in local adaptation to environmental conditions. The effects of environmental variation are particularly well studied within the genus Plantago; however, previous studies have largely focused on targeting specific metabolites. Studies exploring metabolome‐wide changes are lacking, and the effects of natural environmental variation and herbivory on the metabolomes of plants growing in situ remain unknown. An untargeted metabolomic approach using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, coupled with variation partitioning, general linear mixed modeling, and network analysis was used to detect differences in metabolic phenotypes of Plantago major in fifteen natural populations across Denmark. Geographic region, distance, habitat type, phenological stage, soil parameters, light levels, and leaf area were investigated for their relative contributions to explaining differences in foliar metabolomes. Herbivory effects were further investigated by comparing metabolomes from damaged and undamaged leaves from each plant. Geographic region explained the greatest number of significant metabolic differences. Soil pH had the second largest effect, followed by habitat and leaf area, while phenological stage had no effect. No evidence of the induction of metabolic features was found between leaves damaged by herbivores compared to undamaged leaves on the same plant. Differences in metabolic phenotypes explained by geographic factors are attributed to genotypic variation and/or unmeasured environmental factors that differ at the regional level in Denmark. A small number of specialized features in the metabolome may be involved in facilitating the success of a widespread species such as Plantago major into such wide range of environmental conditions, although overall resilience in the metabolome was found in response to environmental parameters tested. Untargeted metabolomic approaches have great potential to improve our understanding of how specialized plant metabolites respond to environmental change and assist in adaptation to local conditions.

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Partialling out the Spatial Component of Ecological Variation

Cited by 3,818 publications

References 33 publications

Landscape effects of climate, agriculture, and urbanization on benthic invertebrate communities of Canadian prairie lakes

Landscape effects of climate, agriculture, and urbanization on benthic invertebrate communities of Canadian prairie lakes

Vertical patterns of testate amoebae (Protozoa: Rhizopoda) and peat‐forming vegetation on cutover bogs in the Jura, Switzerland

Untargeted metabolic profiling reveals geography as the strongest predictor of metabolic phenotypes of a cosmopolitan weed

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