Partial Startup Scheme for Smart Transformer in Meshed Hybrid Islanded Grid Operation

Das, Dwijasish; Kumar, Chandan

doi:10.1109/tia.2021.3124862

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The optimization problem aims to minimize the expected operational cost, loss, and voltage regulation over various time horizons (24 h) while satisfying various physical constraints of the MHM. Specifically, the objective function ( f ), for all time t, should include (i) the operation cost ( f cost ); (ii) network losses ( f loss ); and (iii) voltage deviation ( f dV AC ; f dV DC ), due in (21). w c , w l , and w d are the weight factors of network losses (w l ), voltage deviation (w d ), and operation cost (w c ), and…”

Section: Optimal Power Flow Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Testing Optimal Power Flow in Smart-Transformer-Based Meshed Hybrid Microgrids: Design and Validation

Núñez-Rodríguez,

Unsihuay-Vila,

Posada

et al. 2024

Energies

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The smart transformer (ST) is a multiport and multi-stage converter that allows for the formation of meshed hybrid microgrids (MHMs) by enabling AC-DC ports in medium and low voltage. This type of microgrid has advantages over the performance of conventional hybrid AC-DC microgrids (HMGs); however, the number of degrees of freedom of the ST increases the complexity of the energy management systems (EMSs), which require adequate and accurate modeling of the power flow of the converters and the MG to find the feasible solution of optimal power flow (OPF) problems in the MHM. An ST’s equivalent power flow model is proposed for formulating the MHM OPF problem and developing low-frequency equivalent models integrated with a decoupled hierarchical control architecture under a real-time simulation approach to the ST-based MHM. A simulation model of the MHM in the Simulink® environment of Matlab® 9.12 is developed and implemented under a digital real-time simulation (DRTS) approach on the OPAL-RT® platform. This model allows for determining the accuracy of the developed equivalent models, both low-frequency and power flow, and determining the MHM performance based on optimal day-ahead scheduling. Simulation test results demonstrated the ST equivalent model’s accuracy and the MHM’s accuracy for OPF problems with an optimal day-ahead scheduling horizon based on the model-in-the-loop (MIL) and DRTS approach.

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Section: Optimal Power Flow Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Testing Optimal Power Flow in Smart-Transformer-Based Meshed Hybrid Microgrids: Design and Validation

Núñez-Rodríguez,

Unsihuay-Vila,

Posada

et al. 2024

Energies

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“…This is a widely treated subject in the literature. The start-up and performance of an ST-based meshed hybrid microgrid connected to the main grid feeder through MVDC of a second ST are analysed in [3] and [4], while an SST based on three-level power module for interconnecting MVDC and LVDC distribution systems is discussed in [5].…”

Section: Prospects and Challenged In Mvdcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Time Simulation and System Level Control Model of a Modern MVDC Distribution Grid including SST and MMC Based AFE

Siemaszko,

Carpita

2024

Preprint

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The medium-voltage DC (MVDC) technology has gained increasing interests in recent years. Power electronics devices dominate those grids. Accurate simulation of such a grid, with detailed models of switching semiconductors, can quickly became very time-consuming, according to the number of connected devices to be simulated. A simulation approach based on interactions on a continuous time model can be very interesting, especially for developing a system level control model of such a modern MVDC distribution grid. Aim of this paper is to present all the steps required for obtaining a continuous time modelling of a +/- 10 kV MVDC grid case study, including Solid State Transformer (SST) and Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) based Active Front End (AFE). Additional aim of this paper is to supply an educational content about the use of the continuous time simulation approach, thanks to a detailed description of the various devices modelled into the presented MVDC grid. The results of a certain number of simulation scenarios are eventually presented.

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“…In [32] and [39], an OEMS is proposed to determine the active and reactive power references of DG converters. This system maintains the LV AC load bus voltages within the limits of the grid and considering the constraints of the DG converters.…”

Section: Energy Management System In St-based Mhmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given this characteristic, some works are reported that propose rule-based EMS and distributed control for ST-based MHM, which allows taking better advantage of the functionalities and degrees of freedom of ST and MHM in connected, isolated or fault scenarios [37]. In [32], a rulebased EMS is proposed to establish the reconnection of the MHM to the MV AC grid while keeping the ST converter running, thus initiating the power flow and establishing the transition from isolated to grid-connected mode of the MHM. A similar approach is presented in [33] and [29], in which MHM management mechanisms are proposed to operate the integrated ESS, ST in an MHM.…”

Section: Energy Management System In St-based Mhmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Smart Transformer-Based Meshed Hybrid Microgrids: Shaping, Topology and Energy Management Systems

Posada,

Unsihuay-Vila

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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Microgrids are considered an adequate alternative to overcome the challenges involving integrating distributed energy resources in distribution systems to contribute to the 'Three D' trend in the electricity sector, i.e., decentralize, decarbonize, and digitize electricity. This paper reviews the most relevant works to establish a baseline for the advancement and development of smart transformer-based meshed hybrid microgrids and energy management systems. First, the structure of the solid-state transformers as smart transformers and their potential application as an energy router in a microgrid is discussed. Then, the principle of conformation of meshed hybrid microgrids based on a smart transformer and the topologies reported in the literature are reviewed. Finally, power management systems integrated into smart transformers-based meshed hybrid microgrids are studied. According to the findings and conclusions, it is considered that smart transformers-based meshed hybrid microgrids operated by an optimal energy management system under uncertainty are a potentially feasible technological alternative for the adequate penetration of distributed energy resources into local distribution systems.

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Partial Startup Scheme for Smart Transformer in Meshed Hybrid Islanded Grid Operation

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Real-Time Testing Optimal Power Flow in Smart-Transformer-Based Meshed Hybrid Microgrids: Design and Validation

Real-Time Testing Optimal Power Flow in Smart-Transformer-Based Meshed Hybrid Microgrids: Design and Validation

Continuous Time Simulation and System Level Control Model of a Modern MVDC Distribution Grid including SST and MMC Based AFE

Review of Smart Transformer-Based Meshed Hybrid Microgrids: Shaping, Topology and Energy Management Systems

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