Partial Seizures, Etiologies and Associated Comorbidity Factors

Abstract

Background: Partial seizure is well-defined as sudden extreme, profligate, and limited electrical discharges by gray matter from some portions of the brain due to certain structural & metabolic abnormalities. Objective: To distinguish the etiologies of partial seizures and to clarify its association with the age of affected patients. Patients and Methods: A prospective study, done on all patients with neurological consultation in Al- Batool Teaching Hospital, Baqubah Teaching Hospital and Al Yarmouk teaching Hospital from Nov, 2016 to Dec, 2018. Patients with partial seizures and/with secondary generalization were merged. This was fortified through a full history, physical checkup, EEG, and MRI of the brain. The study’s sample comprising 106 patients with partial seizures, the age ranged from 6-75 years, with 52 males and 54 females. Results: Atypical neuroimaging was found in (61%) of patients. Tumors occurred in (19.7%) of patients, the highest of them below 40 years of age while infarctions comprised 25.5% of patients outside this age. Complex partial seizures(CPS) patients with temporal lobe foci comprised 83.7 % and (16.2%) had frontal lobe problems, while (49%) of Simple partial seizures (SPS) patients had frontal lobe foci, 22% frontoparietal and 13% had parietal lobe foci and had brain lesions were spotted in 75.4% of patients with SPS and (35.1%) with complex partial seizures. Conclusion: Infarction is a common reason for partial seizures in patients above 40 years while below this age the tumor is common etiology. A partial seizure is connected mostly with brain lesions. Keywords: Partial seizures, comorbid factors, brain lesions

Microwave‐assisted decarboxylation of 2H‐Pyran‐3‐carboxylic acid derivatives under basic condition

“…Crude was purified on silica gel (100-200 mesh) chromatography. 1 H and 13 C NMR were done on JEOL400 MHz spectrophotometers in CDCl 3 or DMSO-d 6 . The chemical shifts (δ) were expressed in ppm and the coupling constants (J) in Hertz (Hz), downfield from TMS (an internal reference) which has been assigned a chemical shift of zero.…”

“…2H-pyran-2-one moiety, a cyclic lactone shows its significant presence in natural products and are essential building blocks in synthetic organic and medicinal chemistry [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Owing to their profound biological activities, we focused our research interest on pyranones and their transformation into potential biologically active scaffolds [19][20][21].…”

The structure–activity relationship and computational studies of 1,3-thiazole derivatives as cholinesterase inhibitors with anti-inflammatory activity

“…The second set of tested 1,3-thiazoles were four amines 11-14, reduced analogs of amides with the same substituent. One amide (2) and two amines (13,14) were methylated in order to examine the influence of the -NH group on biological activity, as mentioned above.…”

“…The great interest in heterocyclic core thiazole in the research of new drugs stems from the fact that there are already a variety of drugs with a thiazole ring, such as antibacterial drugs, antihistamines, vitamin B1 (thiamine), antifungal drugs, gout drugs, and drugs for the inhibition of cholinesterases [1][2][3]. Acotiamide (Figure 1, structure I) [4][5][6][7], the drug used to treat functional dyspepsia, acts as a selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and is a 1,3-thiazole derivative that has stimulated the development of biologically active compounds with a thiazole nucleus with the aim of inhibiting cholinesterases.…”

Essentially Compressible Modules Relative to A Submodule

“…The concept of compressible modules introduced in 1981 by Zelmanowitz, where a module M is called compressible if it can be embedded in any non-zero submodule A of M. In other words M is compressible module if for each nonzero submodule A of M, there exists a monomorphism f Hom(M,A), retractable modules introduced in 1979 Khuri, where " a module M is retractable if every nonzero submodule A of M, Hom(M,A)≠0" [16]. Moreover generalizations of these classes have been studied by several authors see [5], [7], [9], [11] and [17] a dual of retractable concept in 2006, a coretractable module appeared in [8]. However Amini [6], studied this class of modules, where " is called coretractable if for all proper submodule of , there exists 0 f Hom( / , )" and then more authors studied this concept and its generalizations for more see [4], [12], [13] and [14].…”