Partial replacement of fishmeal with Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris and its effect on growth and body composition of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822)

Raji, Ameenat Abiodun; Junaid, Olawale Quazim; Milow, Pozi; Taufek, Norhidayah Mohd; Fada, Adamu Misau; Kolawole, Asiata Adekilekun; Alias, Zazali; Razak, Shaharudin Abdul

doi:10.21077/ijf.2019.66.4.87193-13

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Over the course of the trial, a declining feed acceptance was observed within the last weeks of the trial and this resulted in uneaten food particles, which may have influenced the FCR and explain the tendency to increasing FCR values. Compared to other studies with a lower SP supplementations for African catfish, a full supplementation showed comparable FCR values [22,48,49]. However, the feed ingredients, housing conditions and the age of the catfish were different between experiments and especially SP composition can vary in protein, carbohydrate and lipid content [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Total Replacement of Fishmeal by Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and Its Effect on Growth Performance and Product Quality of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

et al. 2021

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Microalgae are increasingly being studied to replace fishmeal in aquafeed production. Low level Spirulina supplementation to various fish species has been widely investigated, demonstrating enhanced growth and better product quality. In order to evaluate the effects of a full fishmeal replacement with Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) on growth and product quality in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), two isoenergetic diets were formulated and fed for ten weeks to 120 fish with an average initial weight of 50 ± 3 g. Full supplementation of Spirulina resulted in reduced growth (p < 0.001) whereas feed conversion ratio was on par (p > 0.05). Furthermore, Spirulina-fed fish showed a more intense yellow coloration in skin, and raw and cooked fillet (p < 0.001). The analysis of fatty acids revealed higher proportions of C16:0 (p < 0.001) and C18:2n6 (p < 0.05) in fish fed the Spirulina-diet while C24:0 (p < 0.01) and C20:5n3 (p < 0.001) were found to be higher in the control group. Even though no statistically significant differences in the overall SFA, MUFA and PUFA were detected, a slight increase of the n6/n3 ratio was observed in the Spirulina-fed fish. Without further optimization of the feed ration, a complete fishmeal replacement with Spirulina can lead to economic losses. It remains to be studied whether the observed changes in product quality affect consumer acceptance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Total Replacement of Fishmeal by Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and Its Effect on Growth Performance and Product Quality of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

et al. 2021

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“…As its production process gradually matures, it is likely that the great ecological and economic potential of C. sorokiniana will be gradually realised in the foreseeable future [ 34 ]. The replacement of FM by Chlorella protein has been studied in zebrafish [ 28 ], Carassius auratus [ 40 ], Macrobrachium rosenbergii [ 41 ], Clarias gariepinus [ 42 ] and Micropterus salmoides [ 43 ]. Chlorella protein has been shown to promote growth and reproduction, increase immune and digestive enzyme activity, and improve fatty acid composition in cultured animals after substitution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Dietary Protein Level on the Growth Performance, Body Composition, Intestinal Digestion and Microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei Fed Chlorella sorokiniana as the Main Protein Source

Yuan,

Song,

Tan

et al. 2023

Animals

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This study investigated the effect of dietary protein levels on Litopenaeus vannamei. Five isolipid diets with protein levels of 32%, 36%, 40%, 44% and 48% were prepared using C. sorokiniana as the main protein source. L. vannamei (initial body weight 0.83 ± 0.02 g) were fed these five diets for 8 weeks and referred to as the CHL32, CHL36, CHL40, CHL44 and CHL48 groups, respectively. When the feeding trial was finished, the growth performance, body composition, intestinal digestion and microbiota of L. vannamei were studied. The results showed that the maximum weight gain rate (WGR) of L. vannamei was in the CHL40 group while the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was in the CHL48 group. According to the regression analysis using WGR as the evaluation index, the best growth performance of L. vannamei was obtained when the dietary protein level was 40.81%. The crude protein content of whole shrimp showed an increasing and then decreasing trend with increasing dietary protein levels. Furthermore, the L. vannamei muscle amino acid composition was relatively stable and, to some extent, independent of dietary protein levels. Trypsin, lipase and amylase (AMS) activity increased and then decreased with increasing dietary protein levels and, significantly, peaked in the CHL44 group. Analysis of the alpha diversity of the intestinal microbiota showed that the Chao1 index peaked in the CHL40 group and was significantly lower in the CHL48 group. Additionally, the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria decreased significantly while the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria increased significantly in the intestine of L. vannamei as the dietary protein levels increased. The functional prediction of the intestinal microbiota revealed that dietary protein levels may influence the growth of L. vannamei by regulating various metabolic activities, and the highest WGR in the CHL40 group may have been related to the significant enrichment of nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism and biotin metabolism functions. In summary, the optimal protein requirement for L. vannamei was around 40% when C. sorokiniana was used as the primary protein source. Too high or too low dietary protein levels could adversely affect shrimp body composition, intestinal digestion and microbiota.

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“…Moreover, C. vulgaris powder contains a variety of beneficial substances, involving polysaccharides, pigments, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants [9]. Some related studies have verified that C. vulgaris promoted growth and relieved intestinal inflammation in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) [10,11]. It is worth mentioning that the polysaccharide, ferrum and aluminum accumulation in C. vulgaris powder inhibited the growth of fish [12] when they were fed diets with high levels of C. vulgaris powder inclusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Replacing Soybean Meal Protein with Chlorella vulgaris Powder on the Growth and Intestinal Health of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Liu

Cai

Zhong

et al. 2023

Animals

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Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) powder is a novel non-grain single-cell protein with enormous potential to be a protein source. However, it is poorly studied in aquatic animals. The purpose of the present study was to explore the optimum replacement ratio of C. vulgaris powder and the influence of the substitution of soybean meal with C. vulgaris on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in terms of growth performance, intestinal integrity and the microbial community. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated by replacing 0% (SM, containing 30% soybean meal), 25% (X25), 50% (X50), 75% (X75) and 100% (X100) soybean meal with C. vulgaris. The feeding trial period lasted 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental trial, the X50 group showed higher FW, WGR and PER than the SM group (p < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the X50 group was significantly lower than that of the SM group (p < 0.05). The X50 group showed the highest value of the goblet cell number, intestinal amylase and trypsin activities when compared with the SM group (p < 0.05). Replacing 50% soybean meal with C. vulgaris improved the intestinal barrier integrity, as evidenced by upregulating zo-1, zo-2 and occluding transcript (p < 0.05), and alleviated oxidative stress by an increased SOD enzymatic activity and transcript level, probably mediated through the Nrf2-keap1 signaling pathway (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the X50 group enhanced intestinal immunity, as manifested by increased ACP and LZM activities (p < 0.05), and downregulated the tlr-4, tlr-7, tlr-8 and il-6 through the tlr pathway (p < 0.05). The functionally predicting pathways related to the nitrate respiration and nitrogen respiration were observably activated in the X50 group (p < 0.05). The X50 group improved the biological barrier, as manifested by increased Firmicutes and Rhodobacter (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary C. vulgaris powder could promote the growth performance of grass carp by restoring intestinal morphology, increasing digestive enzyme activities, improving antioxidant properties and immunity and optimizing the microflora structure. A C. vulgaris powder replacement of 50% soybean meal was recommended as feed for grass carp.

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Partial replacement of fishmeal with Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris and its effect on growth and body composition of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822)

Cited by 13 publications

References 48 publications

Total Replacement of Fishmeal by Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and Its Effect on Growth Performance and Product Quality of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

Total Replacement of Fishmeal by Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and Its Effect on Growth Performance and Product Quality of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

The Effects of Dietary Protein Level on the Growth Performance, Body Composition, Intestinal Digestion and Microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei Fed Chlorella sorokiniana as the Main Protein Source

Effects of Replacing Soybean Meal Protein with Chlorella vulgaris Powder on the Growth and Intestinal Health of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

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