Partial Replacement of Fish Meal with Plant Protein Sources Singly and in Combination in Diets for Summer Flounder, Paralichthys dentatus

Abstract

Soybean meal (SBM), corn gluten meal (CGM), and canola protein concentrate (CPC) as alternative protein sources to fish meal (FM) were individually evaluated for growth performance at 0, 20, 30, 40, and 50% replacement with amino acid (AA) supplementation using juvenile summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus, in an 8-wk feeding. Two-way ANOVA indicated no significant main effect for plant protein source, but a significant main effect for replacement level. Comparison of the individual treatments revealed significant differences in weight gain (WG) between the FM treatment and 50% replacement level for all protein sources, as well as between the FM treatment and 30% replacement with CPC. Replacement of FM with SBM at 40% resulted in the least cost/kg WG. In a follow-up study, a combination of SBM-CGM-CPC at 40% replacement was evaluated with and without AA, phytase (0.2%), or taurine (1%), versus FM and SBM (40% replacement of FM) with AA. The SBM-CGM-CPC diet with either AA or taurine provided a significantly better food conversion ratio and less cost/kg WG than the SBM diet, and the SBM-CGM-CPC diet with taurine provided a significantly better protein efficiency ratio than the SBM diet. On the basis of these results, more study of taurine in plant protein diets for summer flounder appears warranted.

Partial replacement of fishmeal with corn gluten meal, pea protein isolate and their mixture in diet of black sea bream ( Acanthopagrus schlegelii ) juveniles: Effects on growth performance, feed utilization and haematological parameters

“…The muscle and whole body proximate compositions were not significantly affected by different treatments. This result is similar to the studies replacing 40% FM protein by SBM and blend of protein sources (SBM, CGM and canola protein concentrate) in summer flounder (Enterria et al, 2011), replacing 10%-30% protein with pea meal in milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskal) (Borlongan et al, 2003) and replacing 12%-24% FM with blend of SBM and canola meal in kuruma shrimp (Bulbul et al, 2013). However, some studies found that high inclusion level of CGM improved lipid contents of whole body and/or muscle (Bu et al, 2018;Kikuchi, 1999), which was mainly due to the high carbohydrate content in CGM (Lewis & Kohler, 2008).…”

“…Sevgili et al () found that taurine‐fortified plant protein diets (mixture of soybean meal and CGM) were able to replace higher level of FM protein in turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus, 1758). In summer flounder ( Paralichthys dentatus ), replacing FM with SBM alone and mixture of SBM, CGM and CPC with or without IAA supplementation obtained similar growth performance; however, a blend of the plant proteins with taurine supplementation caused significantly higher growth performance (Enterria et al, ). Tong, Wang, Kalhoro, Volatiana, and Shao () also found that increasing dietary taurine levels in all‐plant protein diet can significantly improve growth performance and feed efficiency of black sea bream.…”

“…Considering the unaffected feed utilization parameters, the presence of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSPs) might be the main factor in CGM for the reduced growth performance. NSPs involve in a binding reaction with bile salts, which influence the physiology and function of gut, affect endogenous secretion of lipids, protein, water and electrolytes and eventually result in low bioavailability of nutrients and energy (Azarm & Lee, 2014;Enterria, Slocum, Bengtson, Karayannakidis, & Lee, 2011;Maas, Verdegem, & Schrama, 2019;Sevgili et al, 2015). In addition, CGM is rich in leucine (Table 1), with a marginal level of tryptophan (Regost et al, 1999) compared with FM.…”

Investigation of biomarkers of early taurine deficiency in Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus

“…Similar observations were made in other species such as dentex Dentex dentex, summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus, Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, and red sea bream Pagrus major (Chatzifotis et al, 2008;Enterria et al, 2011;Kim et al, 2005;Matsunari et al, 2008b). Additionally, methionine supplementation does not influence the taurine status in rainbow trout , and dietary supplementation of cysteine increased tissue cystathionine, but not tissue taurine in juvenile Japanese flounder (Park et al, 2002).Since methionine is the precursor of cysteine via cystathionine and cysteine is used in the synthesis of taurine, this suggests inadequate synthesis rather than inadequate substrate availability for synthesis.…”

The tolerance and safety assessment of taurine as additive in a marine carnivorous fish, Scophthalmus maximus L.

“…2045 of the Ministry of Agriculture of China). The concentration of taurine used wildly in flatfish diets in previous studies ranged from 10 to 15 g/kg (Enterria et al, 2011;Kim, Takeuchi, Yokoyama, & Murata, 2003;Kim, Takeuchi, Akimoto, et al, 2005;Matsunari, Furuita, et al, 2008;Qi et al, 2012;Yun et al, 2012). However, to date little information about its safety limit and the adverse effects of high levels on fish was available.…”