Partial replacement of fish and soyabean meal protein in mirror carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) diets by protein in hazelnut meal

Abstract

An 80-day feeding trial was conducted as two experiments to evaluate the effects of replacement of fish meal (FM) and soyabean meal (SBM) protein with hazelnut meal (HM) protein in the diets of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. Growth parameters and body composition were measured in fingerlings cultured under laboratory conditions in a recirculation system aquarium at 26 ± 0.3 °C. In Experiment I four isonitrogenous, isoenergetic diets were formulated by replacing 0, 25, 35 and 45% of protein from FM by HM. Fingerlings receiving the diets in which 0, 25 and 35% of the FM protein were replaced, had similar body weights, specific growth ratios (SGR), protein efficiency ratios (PER) and feed conversion ratios (FCR). In Experiment II four isonitrogenous, isoenergetic diets were formulated by replacing 0, 20, 40 and 60% of protein in SBM with HM. Fingerlings receiving the diets where 0, 20 and 40% of the SBM protein were replaced, had similar body weights, SGR, PER and FCR. However, fingerlings consuming the highest dietary inclusion level of HM (60% replacement) had significantly lower responses for all the above parameters than fingerlings receiving the other diets. The fat content of fingerlings fed diet FM 3 where 45 % of FM protein was replaced by HM protein, was significantly lower than those on the other diets. It was concluded that HM could replace up to 35% of the protein in FM and 40% of protein supplied by SBM in fingerling carp diets without adverse effects on growth, FCR, PER, FI, BWG and body composition.

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“…Similarly, Emre et al (2008b) stated that increasing levels of HM did not affect the PER (1.57-1.64) in sea bass. Ergun et al (2008) confirmed that PER (1.82-2.24) of turbot worsened when the HM rate in the feed came up to 30 %; Büyükçapar and Kamalak (2007) confirmed that PER (1.7-2.1) of carp declined when the HM rate rose to 45 %. In these studies, PER is expected to decline with the increase in HM rate.…”

Growth Response of Cyprinus Carpio Fingerlings Fed Diets Containing Hydrothermally Processed Citrullus Lanatus Seed Meal

“…Ullah,(1982) reported that heat treatment will affect the nutritional value of legumes through destruction or inactivation of present factors as well as some impairment in the protein value, because over heating may result in damaging the protein quality by lowering digestibility (denaturation) and causing the loss of sulphur amino acids. According to the report of Buyukcapar and Kamalak, (2007) (2001) reported that watermelon seeds are rich in growth and health promoting nutrients which might be the reason for good nutrient utilization and survival rate attained in this feeding trial, in addition the present study revealed that the proximate analysis of the carcass fish fed the experimental diets were affected in terms of crude protein and fat content by the hydrothermally processed watermelon seed meal. Both the crude protein and lipid content of the initial fish carcass were lower compared with carcass of fish fed the trial diets at the end of experiment.…”

Hazelnut meal in diets for seawater farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): effects on growth performance and body composition

“…However, total replacement of soybean meal with hazelnut meal resulted in significantly lower FCR when compared to the other experimental diets (P<0.05). The altered feed efficiency in fish fed the diet with high levels of hazelnut meal has also been reported by Buyukcapar and Kamalak (2007) who evaluated the effects of replacement of fish meal and soybean meal proteins with hazelnut meal protein in the diets of mirror carp fingerlings. They suggested that hazelnut meal could be incorporated into the diet at 35% and 40%, however, dietary inclusion of HNM above these levels caused reduction in feed utilization.…”

“…Results obtained from this investigation revealed that hazelnut meal could be incorporated into diets formulated for rainbow trout at up to 30% by total replacement of soybean meal in grow-out feed. Only a few studies have reported that hazelnut meal could partially replace fish meal or soybean meal without detrimental effects on growth performance in European sea bass (Emre et al, 2008), carp (Buyukcapar andKamalak, 2007) and rainbow trout (Bilgin et al, 2007). Trout of all groups in this investigation almost tripled their body weight and no significant difference (P>0.05) was revealed in final weight or specific growth rate between treatments.…”

“…HNM could be an alternative to soybean meal in aquaculture feeds and has been marketed instead of soybean meal. Bilgin et al (2007) and Buyukcapar and Kamalak (2007) have shown that soybean meal can be partially or totally replaced by hazelnut meal in rainbow trout diets reared in freshwater and in carps, respectively. To our knowledge, the inclusion of hazelnut meal in the diet of rainbow trout reared in seawater has not been studied previously.…”