Carbon nanotubes are a significant class of nanomaterials
with
distinctive properties that have led to their application in a variety
of fields, such as polymer composites, medicine, electronics, and
material science. However, their nonpolar nature and insolubility
in polar solvents limit their applications. To address this issue,
highly functionalized and water-soluble double-walled carbon nanotubes
(DWNTs) were developed by selectively oxidizing the inner walls of
the DWNTs using oleum and nitric acid. The impact of reaction time
on the chemical functionalization of DWNTs was investigated under
two different reaction durations of 2 and 24 h. The presence of highly
oxygenated functional groups resulted in high water solubility, which
was confirmed by high- and low-frequency Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution
transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy
(SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller
(BET) method, and optical spectroscopy. The conductivity of highly
water-soluble W-DWNTs (24 h) was 122.65 × 102 S cm–1. After annealing for 12 h at 140 °C, the W-DWNTs
retained 72% of their conductivity (88.79 × 102 S
cm–1).