Partial Poincaré beams generated from wavelength-mismatched vortex plates

Generation of Concentric Space-Variant Linear Polarized Light by Dielectric Metalens

“…From the previous study, the coherent superposition of different optical modes is a concise and powerful method for generating vector beams. 27,28 In our experiment, the phase retardation of the metalens provides a coupling term to generate the superposed mode with different polarization and converts the homogeneous incident light to be a spacevariant vector beam. Since a part of the output beam keeps the same polarization state of the incident light and does not contain the metalens phase information, there is additional interference involved in the output beam.…”

Enhanced Photo-excitation and Angular-Momentum Imprint of Gray Excitons in WSe2 Monolayers by Spin–Orbit-Coupled Vector Vortex Beams

“…A spatially structured light beam with a cylindrically twisted phase front introduces quantized orbital angular momentum (OAM), L z = ℏ , which serves as an extra degree of freedom for light alongside spin angular momentum (SAM), S z = σ ℏ , where σ = ± 1 represents the right- or left-handed circular polarization of light. − Such a cylindrically structured beam, also referred to as twisted light (TL) or optical vortex (OV), is denoted by |σ, ⟩ and characterized by an unbounded quantum number and has been demonstrated to be advantageous in a variety of advanced photonic and quantum applications, ranging from optical tweezers, , optical trapping, , high-resolution optical microscope, − and optical communication , to high-dimensional quantum information. − Besides, the coexistence of SAM and OAM in a structured light beam gives rise to intriguing optical spin–orbit-coupled phenomena, − including photonic spin Hall effect, − spin-based plasmonics, photonic wheel, , optical transverse spin, and longitudinal field of light. − Furthermore, a structured light beam can be tailored by the controlled superposition of TLs with distinct SAM and OAM, expressed by where α­(β) determines the relative phase (weight) of the two TL components in the superposition state and represents the azimuthal (polar) angle in the Poincaré sphere representation. − The structured light described by eq forms a vector vortex beam (VVB) in nonseparable states, where not only the complex amplitude but also the polarization of light is spatially structured and entangled with each other. ,− The exceptional characteristics of VVBs as light sources have been demonstrated to enable advanced photonics applications, particle acceleration, , vector beam multiplexing communication, ,…”

“… 29 − 33 Furthermore, a structured light beam can be tailored by the controlled superposition of TLs with distinct SAM and OAM, expressed by where α(β) determines the relative phase (weight) of the two TL components in the superposition state and represents the azimuthal (polar) angle in the Poincaré sphere representation. 34 − 37 The structured light described by eq 1 forms a vector vortex beam (VVB) in nonseparable states, where not only the complex amplitude but also the polarization of light is spatially structured and entangled with each other. 35 , 37 − 40 The exceptional characteristics of VVBs as light sources have been demonstrated to enable advanced photonics applications, 41 particle acceleration, 42 , 43 vector beam multiplexing communication, 44 , 45 high-dimensional quantum entanglement, 46 , 47 and vector vortex quantum steering.…”

“… 34 − 37 The structured light described by eq 1 forms a vector vortex beam (VVB) in nonseparable states, where not only the complex amplitude but also the polarization of light is spatially structured and entangled with each other. 35 , 37 − 40 The exceptional characteristics of VVBs as light sources have been demonstrated to enable advanced photonics applications, 41 particle acceleration, 42 , 43 vector beam multiplexing communication, 44 , 45 high-dimensional quantum entanglement, 46 , 47 and vector vortex quantum steering. 48 The nonseparability of SAM and OAM, further coupled by the optical spin–orbit interaction (SOI), in a VVB embodies the profound spin–orbit physics of optics and naturally affects its interaction with matters, which, however, remains largely unexplored so far.…”