Partial migration in fishes: definitions, methodologies and taxonomic distribution

Chapman, Ben B.; Skov, Christian; Hulthén, Kaj; Brodersen, Jacob Broder; Nilsson, P. Anders; Hansson, Lars‐Anders; Brönmark, Christer

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03349.x

Cited by 222 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(146 reference statements)

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“…Partial migration is widespread and has been documented in a range of vertebrate [1,7,8] and invertebrate taxa [9]. Partially migratory animals offer a unique opportunity to assess the costs and benefits associated with migration versus residency, and can hence provide an insight into the factors involved in the evolution of migration itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration confers survival benefits against avian predators for partially migratory freshwater fish

et al. 2013

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The importance of predation risk in shaping patterns of animal migration is not well studied, mostly owing to difficulties in accurately quantifying predation risk for migratory versus resident individuals. Here, we present data from an extensive field study, which shows that migration in a freshwater fish (roach, Rutilus rutilus) that commonly migrates from lakes to streams during winter confers a significant survival benefit with respect to bird (cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo spp.) predation. We tagged over 2000 individual fish in two Scandinavian lakes over 4 years and monitored migratory behaviour using passive telemetry. Next, we calculated the predation vulnerability of fish with differing migration strategies, by recovering data from passive integrated transponder tags of fish eaten by cormorants at communal roosts close to the lakes. We show that fish can reduce their predation risk from cormorants by migrating into streams, and that probability of being preyed upon by cormorants is positively related to the time individuals spend in the lake during winter. Our data add to the growing body of evidence that highlights the importance of predation for migratory dynamics, and, to our knowledge, is one of the first studies to directly quantify a predator avoidance benefit to migrants in the field.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration confers survival benefits against avian predators for partially migratory freshwater fish

et al. 2013

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“…Partial migration occurs in all major vertebrate groups [5] and some invertebrate taxa [1], as well as across all major ecosystems [6]. Bird migration has been most widely researched, and among fish taxa, salmonids and Atlantic cod are the predominant species investigated [7]. Partial migration may influence population dynamics and persistence [8], as it may confer survival benefits through reduced predation risk (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial migration: growth varies between resident and migratory fish

et al. 2015

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Partial migration occurs in many taxa and ecosystems and may confer survival benefits. Here, we use otolith chemistry data to determine whether fish from a large estuarine system were resident or migratory, and then examine whether contingents display differences in modelled growth based on changes in width of otolith growth increments. Sixty-three per cent of fish were resident based on Ba : Ca of otoliths, with the remainder categorized as migratory, with both contingents distributed across most age/size classes and both sexes, suggesting population-level bet hedging. Migrant fish were in slightly better condition than resident fish based on Fulton's K condition index. Migration type (resident versus migratory) was 56 times more likely to explain variation in growth than a model just incorporating year-and age-related growth trends. While average growth only varied slightly between resident and migratory fish, year-to-year variation was significant. Such dynamism in growth rates likely drives persistence of both life-history types. The complex relationships in growth between contingents suggest that management of species exhibiting partial migration is challenging, especially in a world subject to a changing climate.

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“…(Lucas and Baras et al, 2001). Partial migration is a phenomenon where a population is composed of both migratory and resident individuals (Chapman et al, 2012, Hendry et al, 2004, Jonsson and Jonsson 1993. Partial migration in fishes is seen as an adaptive response to a changeable 3/28 environment, and the ultimate goal is to increase individual fitness and population persistence (Cucherousset et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine migrations in anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta). Fjord residency as a possible alternative in the continuum of migration to the open sea

Villar-Guerra

Aarestrup

Skov

et al. 2013

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

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Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Sciences, Vejlsøvej 39; 8600; Silkeborg, Denmark.ABSTRACT. Partial migration is a common phenomenon in many fish species. Trout (Salmo trutta) is a partially migratory species where some part of the population migrate to the marine environment, while another remains in freshwater.In the years 2008 and 2009, a total of 159 wild sea trout smolts were tagged with acoustic and PIT tags in the river Villestrup (Denmark) to study the initial post-smolt marine behaviour within a fjord system. We found that the strategies of the sea migrants vary: some stay in the fjord while others migrate to the sea suggesting that partial migration occurs even in the marine environments.Overall, a total of 53 %of the tagged smolts migrated from the fjord to the sea, and 47 % stayed (or potentially died) in the fjord. The ratios of fjord-resident vs. sea-migrating post-smolts were consistent at the study times and no differences between the early and late migration periods of the smolts were observed. The individual's size or body condition at the time of tagging did not affect survival or the migratory decisions in the fjord. High overall initial survival (74%) was found 30 days after the fjord entry. We suggest that within a continuum of migration to sea, there is a migratory decision point when sea trout post-smolts encounter a fjord system. At this point, post-smolts will assess the possibility of migration versus the alternative of fjord residency. AbstractPartial migration is a common phenomenon in many fish species. Trout (Salmo trutta) is a partially migratory species where some part of the population migrate to the marine environment, while another remains in freshwater. 2/28In the years 2008 and 2009, a total of 159 wild sea trout smolts were tagged with acoustic and PIT tags in the river Villestrup (Denmark) to study the initial post-smolt marine behaviour within a fjord system. We found that the strategies of the sea migrants vary: some stay in the fjord while others migrate to the sea suggesting that partial migration occurs even in the marine environments.Overall, a total of 53 %of the tagged smolts migrated from the fjord to the sea, and 47 % stayed (or potentially died) in the fjord. The ratios of fjord-resident vs. sea-migrating post-smolts were consistent at the study times and no differences between the early and late migration periods of the smolts were observed. The individual's size or body condition at the time of tagging did not affect survival or the migratory decisions in the fjord. High overall initial survival (74%) was found 30 days after the fjord entry. We suggest that within a continuum of migration to sea, there is a migratory decision point when sea trout post-smolts encounter a fjord system. At this point, post-smolts will assess the possibility of migration versus the alternative of fjord residency.

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Partial migration in fishes: definitions, methodologies and taxonomic distribution

Cited by 222 publications

References 101 publications

Migration confers survival benefits against avian predators for partially migratory freshwater fish

Migration confers survival benefits against avian predators for partially migratory freshwater fish

Partial migration: growth varies between resident and migratory fish

Marine migrations in anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta). Fjord residency as a possible alternative in the continuum of migration to the open sea

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