“…There has been much recent progress on understanding information flow in languages of increasing complexity [SM03], and, consequently, information-flow security tools for languages such as Java, ML, and Ada have emerged [MZZ + 10], [Sim03], [Sys10]. In particular, information flow in object-oriented languages has been an area of intensive development [Mye99], [BS99], [BCG + 02], [ABF03], [BFLM05], [BN05], [ABB06], [Nau06], [BRN06], [HS09]. However, it is surprising that the impact of class initialization, being an important aspect of object-oriented programs, has received scarce attention in the context of security.…”