Partial electrolysis electrochemical detector in high-performance liquid chromatography

Bollet, C.; Oliva, P.; Caude, M.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(00)81016-x

Cited by 39 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…According to the authors' knowledge, there is no written information concerning electrochemical studies on phenylephrine, but on electrochemical detection with a glassy carbon electrode in LC procedures, 11,12 or by an anodic stripping voltammetric method for the determination of PE with a modified carbon paste electrode. 13 In our work, PE gave an obvious anodic wave on a glassy carbon electrode.…”

Section: Electrochemical Reaction Of Pe On Glassy Carbon Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

An Electrochemical Sensor for Phenylephrine Based on Molecular Imprinting

et al. 2009

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Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were applied as molecular recognition elements to an electrochemical sensor for phenylephrine. A MIPs membrane was created on a glassy carbon electrode. SEM revealed a gradual change on the morphology of modified electrodes as the ratios of function monomer and cross-linking varied. When the ratio was 4:40, the surface morphology between the imprinted electrode (M-electrode) and the control electrode (N-electrode) became unambiguously different. This artificial receptor exhibited high selectivity for the template compared to closely related analogue. The response of the sensor varied in different concentration range might due to the heterogeneity of the MIPs membrane. This sensor was also used to determine phenylephrine in tablet samples.

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Section: Electrochemical Reaction Of Pe On Glassy Carbon Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

An Electrochemical Sensor for Phenylephrine Based on Molecular Imprinting

et al. 2009

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“…Chemical oxygen demand, dichromate, permanganate, hypochlorite, and hydrogen peroxide were determined with a sample throughput of 10-20 samples per hour depending on whether the current output was integrated or not. Kissinger (12), Johnson and co-workers (13)(14)(15)(16), and Okazaki, Fujinaga, and co-workers In a previous paper (ZO), we reported on the use of Reticulated Vitreous Carbon (RVC) flow-through electrodes for controlled potential coulometry. The major advantage of this method was that the analyte was totally electrolyzed, and it could be determined without any need for calibration curves.…”

Section: A N Strohl' and D J Curran'mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It performs well in an electrochemical detector once the surface has been rigorously polished (16). In our experience, the electrode will become passivated during wastewater analysis and provision must be made for renewing the surface when this occurs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Trace determination of phenolic compounds in water by reversed phase liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection using a carbon-polyethylene tubular anode

Armentrout¹,

McLean²,

Long³

1979

Anal. Chem.

123

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A llquld chromatographic system, capable of selectlvely detecting individual phenolic compounds at 1-ppb levels in water, is described. A polymeric-cation-exchange resin column, acidic acetonitrile-water eluent, and an electrochemical detector containing a unique carbon-black/polyethylene tubular anode are employed. Various types of carbon electrodes have been evaluated, as well as elution order and detector sensitivities for numerous phenolic compounds. Applications of the system to water analyses are presented.Phenolic compounds, especially halogenated ones, are of concern in the environment because of their toxicity to fish and other aquatic life and their adverse affect on water and fish taste ( I ) . Colorimetric analysis with 4-aminoantipyrene usually is employed to measure total phenols (2). However, most para-substituted phenols will not respond adequately, and no information concerning identity is obtained. T o identify and quantitatively measure total phenols a t ppb levels, procedures generally involve solvent extraction and either extensive solvent concentration followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or selective derivatization and GC with electron capture detection ( 3 ) . Disadvantages of the GC methods are sample preparation time, cost of MS equipment, incomplete recoveries for most phenols, and the lack of detector selectivity when only phenols are desired.A variety of liquid chromatographic (LC) columns have been used to separate mixtures of phenols in water samples (4-8). A major consideration when choosing a column for waste stream analysis is long term stability. Experience in our laboratories (9, IO) and studies by Walton et al. (11,12) have shown that good chromatographic resolution can be obtained with styrene-divinylbenzene base cation-exchange resins. Also these resins are totally unaffected by repeated injections of strong acids, bases, or concentrated brine solutions. If necessary, the columns can be emptied, cleaned, and refilled easily.Electrochemical detection of phenols after LC separation was demonstrated in 1973 by Takata and Muto (7). Since then, numerous publications describing electrochemical cell constructions and applications have appeared in the literature and were reviewed by Kissinger through December 1977 (13-15). Until recently, the material of choice for oxidative working electrodes was carbon paste. It is inert, easily replaced when fouled, and yields a low and stable residual current. However, it is unsuitable for LC eluents containing appreciable methanol or acetonitrile because the organic binder of the paste dissolves. Thus, a more universally applicable anode material is required.Glassy carbon is presently the alternative anode material of choice. It performs well in an electrochemical detector once the surface has been rigorously polished (16). In our experience, the electrode will become passivated during wastewater analysis and provision must be made for renewing the surface when this occurs.We were searching for an anode material that possess...

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“…A number of electrode materials have been used for electrochemical (EC) detectors in liquid chromatography (LC), including many forms of carbon (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). The Kel-F-graphite (Kelgraf) electrode developed in our laboratories (5,6,8,9) has been demonstrated to be effective for trace detection in both LC (5,6) and flow injection analysis (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%