Partial dissolution of precipitated-calcium carbonate (P-CaCO₃) in electroless nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) coating and its surface characterization

Optimization of electroless bath process parameter for improving the tribology behavior of Ni-P/CaBr2 composite coating against the hardened EN-31 steel

“…This clearly states that the roughness of Ni-P composite deposit could be increased even for the nano particles reinforcement. Also, the low surface value obtained for the Ni-P/CaBr 2 composite coating justifies that the surface roughness of the Ni-P deposits can be controlled by using the soluble reinforcement particles [17].…”

“…After a continuous stirring of CaBr 2 particles, heat is supplied to the bath at a rate of 1.6 °C min. −1 to reach a temperature of 97 °C [17]. The pretreated samples were immersed immediately in the alkaline bath after the temperature reached 97 °C and deposition process were carried out for the duration of 1 h. The pretreatment process carried out on the mild steel prior to the deposition process is detailed in the author's recent article [17].…”

“…−1 to reach a temperature of 97 °C [17]. The pretreated samples were immersed immediately in the alkaline bath after the temperature reached 97 °C and deposition process were carried out for the duration of 1 h. The pretreatment process carried out on the mild steel prior to the deposition process is detailed in the author's recent article [17]. Fabricated coatings are then post heat treated at 400 °C for 1 h at the rate of 30 °C min.…”

“…Soluble particles have a greater advantage over the insoluble particles on improving the surface features in terms of the porosity [16]. Precipitated CaCO 3 was recently used as soluble reinforcement particle in the matrix [17]. The result showed that the soluble second phase particle could have greater advantages over the surface characteristics of Ni-P composite coatings.…”

“…However, the anions of the calcium compounds play a substantial role on improving the friction and wear resistance. For example, the reinforcement of calcium hexaboride has increased the COF because of the presence of boride anion [19] and the reinforcement of carbonate anion could decrease the friction coefficient [17]. Hence, it is very important to investigate the calcium based compounds though calcium is presented as a cation.…”