Partial deletions of the W chromosome due to reciprocal translocation in the silkworm <i>Bombyx mori</i>

Abe, Hiroaki; Seki, Masafumi; Ohbayashi, Fumi; Tanaka, Nobuhiko; Yamashita, Junko; Fujii, Takeshi; Yokoyama, Takeshi; Takahashi, Masaki; Banno, Yutaka; Sahara, Ken; Yoshido, Atsuo; Ihara, J.; Yasukochi, Yuji; Mita, Kazuei; Ajimura, Masahiro; Suzuki, Masataka; Oshiki, Toshikazu; Shimada, Toru

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2583.2005.00565.x

Cited by 29 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…DNA sequencing of the corresponding genomic region showed that deletion of exon 5 was due to insertion of the retrotransposon, non-long terminal repeat Kendo (Fig. 3, A and D) (19). We observed that the open reading frame from the bts2 strain had an abnormal exon 6, which was 385 bp longer than that from the wild-type strain, and also caused a premature stop codon (Fig.…”

Section: Bombyx Yellow-e (Bmyellow-e) Is Responsible For the Btsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Yellow-e Determines the Color Pattern of Larval Head and Tail Spots of the Silkworm Bombyx mori

Ito

Katsuma

Yamamoto

et al. 2010

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Yellow proteins form a large family in insects. In Drosophila melanogaster, there are 14 yellow genes in the genome. Previous studies have shown that the yellow gene is necessary for normal pigmentation; however, the roles of other yellow genes in body coloration are not known. Here, we provide the first evidence that yellow-e is required for normal body color pattern in insect larvae. In two mutant strains, bts and its allele bts2, of the silkworm Bombyx mori, the larval head cuticle and anal plates are reddish brown instead of the white color found in the wild type. Positional cloning revealed that deletions in the Bombyx homolog of the Drosophila yellow-e gene (Bmyellow-e) were responsible for the bts/bts2 phenotype. Bmyellow-e mRNA was strongly expressed in the trachea, testis, and integument, and expression markedly increased at the molting stages. This profile is quite similar to that of Bmyellow, a regulator of neonatal body color and body markings in Bombyx. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that Bmyellow-e mRNA was heavily expressed in the integument of the head and tail in which the bts phenotype is observed. The present results suggest that Yellow-e plays a crucial role in the pigmentation process of lepidopteran larvae.Major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs) 2 were initially identified as major constituents of royal jelly; they constitute 80 -90% of total royal jelly proteins, which play a central role in honeybee development (1). The yellow gene family of Drosophila melanogaster is known to encode the MRJP domain-containing protein (2) and to consist of 14 genes (3). The D. melanogaster yellow gene (Dmyellow) determines the degree and pattern of melanization by cooperating with the ebony gene (4). Dmyellow also controls male courtship behavior by its temporal expression in the brain (5). Furthermore, biochemical experiments revealed that the products of two other yellow genes, Dmyellow-f and Dmyellow-f2, have dopachrome-conversion enzyme activity (6). Despite the widespread use of the yellow gene as a visible genetic marker, there is little information regarding the functions of other members of the MRJP/YELLOW protein family in Drosophila and other organisms.Larval color variations are often observed in many lepidopteran insects. About 40 body color mutants have been reported in the silkworm, Bombyx mori (7,8). Recently, two mutants, chocolate (ch) and sooty (so), were characterized molecularly. In the ch mutants, the body color of neonatal larvae and the body markings of older instar larvae are reddish brown instead of normal black. Mutations at the so locus produce smoky larvae and black pupae. Linkage analysis and genomic studies revealed that Bombyx yellow and ebony are the genes responsible for the ch and so mutation, respectively (9). These results suggest that Yellow promotes and Ebony inhibits melanization in Lepidoptera and that melanin-synthesis enzymes play a critical role in the color pattern of lepidopteran larvae.In the bts (brown head and tail spot) body color mutant ...

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Section: Bombyx Yellow-e (Bmyellow-e) Is Responsible For the Btsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Yellow-e Determines the Color Pattern of Larval Head and Tail Spots of the Silkworm Bombyx mori

Ito

Katsuma

Yamamoto

et al. 2010

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Chromosomal mutations are not uncommon in the Lepidoptera (Marec et al 2001;Rego and Marec 2003;Sahara et al 2003;Yokoyama et al 2003;Abe et al 2005), and have even been used to facilitate fine mapping of Z chromosome regions in B. mori (Fujii et al 2008). Using three aberrant chromosomes resulting from intra and inter-chromosomal recombination, Fujii et al (2008) fine mapped the chromosome breakage points and isolated a candidate gene for the distinct oily (od) mutant phenotype in the silkworm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rearrangement of the Z chromosome topology influences the sex-linked gene display in the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis

et al. 2011

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Males are homogametic (ZZ) and females are heterogametic (WZ) with respect to the sex chromosomes in many species of butterflies and moths (insect order Lepidoptera). Genes on the Z chromosome influence traits involved in larval development, environmental adaptation, and reproductive isolation. To facilitate the investigation of these traits across Lepidoptera, we developed 43 degenerate primer pairs to PCR amplify orthologs of 43 Bombyx mori Z chromosome-linked genes. Of the 34 orthologs that amplified by PCR in Ostrinia nubilalis, 6 co-segregated with the Z chromosome anchor markers kettin (ket) and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), and produced a consensus genetic linkage map of ~89 cM in combination with 5 AFLP markers. The O. nubilalis and B. mori Z chromosomes are comparatively co-linear, although potential gene inversions alter terminal gene orders and a translocation event disrupted synteny at one chromosome end. Compared to B. mori orthologs, O. nubilalis Z chromosome-linked genes showed conservation of tissuespecific and growth-stage-specific expression, although some genes exhibited species-specific expression across developmental stages or tissues. The O. nubilalis Z chromosome linkage map provides new tools for isolating quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in sex-linked traits that drive speciation and it exposes genome rearrangements as a possible mechanism for differential gene regulation in Lepidoptera. Abstract Males are homogametic (ZZ) and females are heterogametic (WZ) with respect to the sex chromosomes in many species of butterflies and moths (insect order Lepidoptera). Genes on the Z chromosome influence traits involved in larval development, environmental adaptation, and reproductive isolation. To facilitate the investigation of these traits across Lepidoptera, we developed 43 degenerate primer pairs to PCR amplify orthologs of 43 Bombyx mori Z chromosomelinked genes. Of the 34 orthologs that amplified by PCR in Ostrinia nubilalis, 6 co-segregated with the Z chromosome anchor markers kettin (ket) and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), and produced a consensus genetic linkage map of *89 cM in combination with 5 AFLP markers. The O. nubilalis and B. mori Z chromosomes are comparatively co-linear, although potential gene inversions alter terminal gene orders and a translocation event disrupted synteny at one chromosome end. Compared to B. mori orthologs, O. nubilalis Z chromosomelinked genes showed conservation of tissue-specific and growth-stage-specific expression, although some genes exhibited species-specific expression across developmental stages or tissues. The O. nubilalis Z chromosome linkage map provides new tools for isolating quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in sex-linked traits that drive speciation and it exposes genome rearrangements as a possible mechanism for differential gene regulation in Lepidoptera.

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“…The amplified samples generated several fragments in D. saccharalis, and it was evident that the presence of a fragment of approximately 700 bp was unique for the DNA samples from female moths. The size of the amplicon in D. saccharalis differs from that obtained by Abe et al (2005), described as 600 bp in strains of B. mori using the same primer. This fact could be explained because this marker sequence is associated with repetitions in the genome, and it is not surprising that the result is different with D. saccharalis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…The primer GyakuU-13 (5' CCTTGGTCGG 3') was used for amplification reactions from genomic DNA of D. saccharalis, as described by Abe et al (2005). After amplification, the product was subjected to electrophoresis on a 1.5% agarose gel for 1 h at 100 V and a 6% polyacrylamide gel for 8 h at 110 V.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The identification of molecular markers for the sex chromosome of Bombyx mori (Abe et al, 1998(Abe et al, , 2005 enables the recognition of the genetic sex of an embryo or larva; such marker would be attractive in the case of D. saccharalis. In this study, we determined the feasibility of using the molecular marker GyakuU-13, involved in sex identification in the silkworm silk, in sugar cane borer individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic diversity analysis with RAPD linked to sex identification in the sugar cane borer Diatraea saccharalis

Heideman

Munhoz²,

Júnior³

et al. 2010

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Diatraea saccharalis is an insect that causes considerable losses in the sugar cane crop. Our aim was to contribute to the knowledge of the biology of D. saccharalis, with the report of DNA fragments involved in the differentiation between the male and female of this species using the RAPD sex molecular marker GyakuU-13, which is specific for the W chromosome of Bombyx mori. Another point evaluated in this study was the genetic diversity of a D. saccharalis population maintained by inbreeding in a laboratory culture. The profile of sex-specific fragments was analyzed, and the genetic variability of this population was estimated. An analysis of the molecular markers showed only one fragment, of approximately 700 bp, that could be considered as a female sex marker in D. saccharalis.

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Partial deletions of the W chromosome due to reciprocal translocation in the silkworm Bombyx mori

Cited by 29 publications

References 34 publications

Yellow-e Determines the Color Pattern of Larval Head and Tail Spots of the Silkworm Bombyx mori

Yellow-e Determines the Color Pattern of Larval Head and Tail Spots of the Silkworm Bombyx mori

A rearrangement of the Z chromosome topology influences the sex-linked gene display in the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis

Genetic diversity analysis with RAPD linked to sex identification in the sugar cane borer Diatraea saccharalis

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