Parthenocarpy in the Tomato (&lt;i&gt;Solanum lycopersicum&lt;/i&gt; L.) Cultivar ‘MPK-1’ is Controlled by a Novel Parthenocarpic Gene

Takisawa, Rihito; Maruyama, Takayuki; Nakazaki, Tetsuya; Kataoka, Keiko; Saito, Hiroki; Koeda, Sota; Nunome, Toshiro; Fukuoka, Hiroyuki; Kitajima, Akira

doi:10.2503/hortj.okd-042

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We used primers for the marker that differentiates pat-2 alleles, according to Nunome et al (2013) and Takisawa et al (2017). The PCR reactions were performed in a total volume of 10 μL using BIOTAQ TM DNA polymerase (Bioline, London, UK) according to the manufacturer's instructions with some minor modifications.…”

Section: Pcr-based Marker Analysis To Differentiate Pat-2 Allelesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parthenocarpy induces fruit development either naturally or artificially without fertilization (Gustafson, 1942). In tomato cultivation, parthenocarpy is considered an attractive trait because it reduces the financial and labor costs of fruit setting and can prevent reductions in yield caused by unfavorable conditions, such as low or high temperatures and low or high humidity (George et al, 1984;Picken, 1984;Takisawa et al, 2017). In the tomato, there are nine parthenocarpic genes (name of line or cultivar): pat ('Soressi' and Montfavet191), pat-2 ('Severianin'), pat-3/pat-4 (RP75/59), pat4.1/pat5.1 (IL5-1), pat4.2/pat9.1 (IVT-line1), and pat-k ('MPK-1') (Gorguet et al, 2005(Gorguet et al, , 2008Takisawa et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In tomato cultivation, parthenocarpy is considered an attractive trait because it reduces the financial and labor costs of fruit setting and can prevent reductions in yield caused by unfavorable conditions, such as low or high temperatures and low or high humidity (George et al, 1984;Picken, 1984;Takisawa et al, 2017). In the tomato, there are nine parthenocarpic genes (name of line or cultivar): pat ('Soressi' and Montfavet191), pat-2 ('Severianin'), pat-3/pat-4 (RP75/59), pat4.1/pat5.1 (IL5-1), pat4.2/pat9.1 (IVT-line1), and pat-k ('MPK-1') (Gorguet et al, 2005(Gorguet et al, , 2008Takisawa et al, 2017). Among these parthenocarpic lines, 'Severianin', possessing the pat-2 gene, produces fruits at high and low temperatures (Lin et al, 1982;Philouze and Maisonneuve, 1978a;Vardy et al, 1989) and its fruits are not puffy (Philouze and Maisonneuve, 1978b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of the pat-2 Gene and Auxin Biosynthesis Inhibitor on Seed Production in Parthenocarpic Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

2019

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In pat-2 parthenocarpic tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.), inhibition of seed production prevents their breeding and development. Low seed set is thought to be caused by a pleiotropic effect of the pat-2 gene because the number of seeds from pat-2 parthenocarpic tomato cultivars is generally low; however, research on the relationship between low seed set and the pat-2 gene is lacking. In this study, to clarify the effect of the pat-2 gene on seed production and develop a method for promoting seed production in pat-2 parthenocarpic tomatoes, we examined the relationship between the pat-2 gene and low seed set and the effect of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), an indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis inhibitor, on seed production in 'Renaissance', a pat-2 parthenocarpic tomato cultivar. In an F 2 population derived from a cross between 'Micro-Tom' and 'Renaissance', the number of seeds in plants homozygous for the pat-2 allele was significantly lower than that in heterozygous plants and that homozygous for the Pat-2 allele. This indicated that low seed set was genetically associated with the pat-2 allele, and that low seed set was unavoidable when using the pat-2 gene for breeding of parthenocarpic tomato cultivars. Therefore, it is important to develop a method to promote seed production in pat-2 parthenocarpic tomatoes. In this study, we examined the effect of AVG on seed production in 'Renaissance'. We found that treatment with 30 μM AVG significantly increased the number of seeds in 'Renaissance'. In addition, when we treated flower clusters with AVG solution at the first flower anthesis, the effect of treatment with 30 μM AVG on increasing seed set was highest for the flower in the second position in a cluster, which suggests the effect of AVG on promoting seed production changed depending on the stage and/or position. Our results showed that low seed set was genetically associated with the pat-2 allele and that AVG is an effective tool to promote seed production in pat-2 parthenocarpic tomatoes. Based on these results, research progress on improving seed production in parthenocarpic tomatoes with the pat-2 gene is expected to accelerate in the future.

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Section: Pcr-based Marker Analysis To Differentiate Pat-2 Allelesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of the pat-2 Gene and Auxin Biosynthesis Inhibitor on Seed Production in Parthenocarpic Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

2019

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“…It is a desirable trait in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivation, as it reduces the financial and labor costs involved in fruit set and increases yield under unfavorable conditions, such as low or high temperature and humidity, which disturb pollination and fertilization (George et al, 1984;Picken, 1984;Takisawa et al, 2017). In tomato, nine genes have been identified as parthenocarpic genes in different tomato lines: pat in 'Soressi ' and 'Montfavet 191',pat3/pat4 in 'RP75/59',pat4.2/pat9.1 in 'IVT-line1' and pat-k in 'MPK-1' (Gorguet et al, 2005(Gorguet et al, , 2008Takisawa et al, 2017). Among these parthenocarpic genes, the pat gene causes partial aberrations of stamens and ovules, which inhibits seed set and reduces fruit size; the fruit size of the pat mutant is approximately two-thirds that of WT fruits (Mazzucato et al, 1998;Philouze and Pecaut, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, pat-2 and pat-k genes have been used to develop parthenocarpic tomato cultivars in Japan. There are some commercial pat-2 parthenocarpic tomato cultivars, such as 'Renaissance' (Sugahara et al, 2002), 'Paruto' and 'House Paruto' (SAKATA SEED CORPORATION, Yokohama, Japan), and a commercial pat-k parthenocarpic tomato cultivar, 'MPK-1' (Takisawa et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Parthenocarpic Genes pat-2 and pat-k on Vegetative and Fruit Traits in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ‘Micro-Tom’)

et al. 2020

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Parthenocarpy is a phenomenon that induces fruit set and development without pollination and fertilization. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivation, parthenocarpy is considered to be an attractive trait, as it reduces the financial and labor costs involved in fruit set. Parthenocarpic genes pat-2 and pat-k are used as the source of parthenocarpic tomato cultivars in Japan. However, the effect of pat-2, pat-k, and their combined effect on vegetative and fruit traits are poorly understood, even though they are important for breeding parthenocarpic tomato cultivars. In this study, we introduced pat-2 and/or pat-k into a model tomato cultivar, 'Micro-Tom', to compare their effects on one genetic background, and then examined their vegetative and fruit traits. Lines carrying pat-2 showed greater leaf and stem size and stomatal conductance compared with the wild-type (WT), whereas there was no significant difference in vegetative traits between a line carrying only pat-k (pat-k) and WT. In addition, the content of total soluble solids (TSS) in pollinated fruits of pat-k and the lines carrying pat-2 was higher and lower than that of WT, respectively. Although it is possible that genes linked to pat-2 or pat-k caused these effects, these results suggest that pat-2 and pat-k have pleiotropic effects on these vegetative and/or fruit traits. Moreover, the rate of fruit set of unpollinated fruits in a line carrying pat-2 and pat-k (pat-2/pat-k) was significantly higher than that in pat-k, and unpollinated fruits of pat-2/pat-k were significantly heavier than those of pat-k and a line carrying only pat-2, suggesting that the effects of pat-2 and pat-k on parthenocarpy are additive. The results of this study can be used as fundamental information for the breeding of parthenocarpic tomato cultivars using pat-2 and pat-k.

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The mutation of CaCKI1 causes seedless fruits in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum)

et al. 2023

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Parthenocarpy in the Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) Cultivar ‘MPK-1’ is Controlled by a Novel Parthenocarpic Gene

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of the <i>pat-2</i> Gene and Auxin Biosynthesis Inhibitor on Seed Production in Parthenocarpic Tomatoes (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.)

Effects of the <i>pat-2</i> Gene and Auxin Biosynthesis Inhibitor on Seed Production in Parthenocarpic Tomatoes (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.)

Effect of Parthenocarpic Genes <i>pat-2</i> and <i>pat-k</i> on Vegetative and Fruit Traits in Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> ‘Micro-Tom’)

The mutation of CaCKI1 causes seedless fruits in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum)

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