Parthenium hysterophorus steps up Ca-regulatory pathway in defence against highlight intensities

Abstract

Parthenium hysterophorus exhibits tolerance to a great extent against abiotic stresses including high light intensities. in this study, P. hysterophorus was subjected to three different light intensities viz. control (CL, 250 µmol photons m −2 s −1), moderately high (ML, 500 µmol photons m −2 s −1) and high (HL, 1000 µmol photons m −2 s −1) for assessment of biochemical and physiological responses at 3 and 5 days after treatment (DAT). Proteomic responses were also observed at 5 DAT. Level of oxidative stress marker, abundance of H 2 o 2 and o 2 − was highest in leaves exposed to HL followed by ML treatment. Biomass accumulation, photosynthetic parameters, chloroplast and mitochondrial integrity were also affected by both ML and HL treatments. Differential protein expression data showed modulation of thirty-eight proteins in ML and HL intensities. P. hysterophorus exhibited good ability to survive in ML then HL treatment as demonstrated by enhancement of the antioxidant system and photosynthesis. furthermore, P. hysterophorus mobilized some key proteins related to calcium signaling, which in turn coordinate physiological homeostasis under stress. proline and total soluble sugar content were high under stress; however, results of simulated experiment of our study indicate such accumulation of osmolytes may inhibit photon-availability to chloroplast. these results clarify our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the light stress tolerance of P. hysterophorus. Light is one of the primary essential environmental factors that affect growth and development of plants. Any slight change in light intensity, duration and quality can influence the rate, pattern of growth and development which can significantly influence the productivity at mass scale 1,2. Sensitivity of a plant to high intensities of light may lead to failure in acclimation responses leading to cellular damage and ultimately to the death of plants 3. As the light energy absorption exceeds capacity of its usage in the chloroplasts, oxygenic photosynthesis electron transport is elevated, generating excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) through photochemical energy conversion 4. ROS damages cellular components including photosynthetic reaction centers and peripherical light-harvesting structures. Such light-induced damages might decrease photosynthetic activity, known as photoinhibition which is still poorly understood 5,6. Also, how do plants respond to highlight intensities at a cellular level and what might be rescue mechanisms are still in need of full understanding. Under light stress, role of calcium could also be crucial in protection of plants and thylakoids 7,8 besides other protective mechanisms 1,9-11. Such mechanisms primarily, and effectively, include defence pathways those operate through modulation of proteome profiles 12-14. The efficiency of defense depends on degree of modulation, and qualitative composition of a proteome decides the degree of threshold to withstand abiotic stress. Compared to crop plants, weeds are generally much mor...

Biochemical Characterization of Different Chemical Components of Parthenium hysterophorus and Their Therapeutic Potential against HIV-1 RT and Microbial Growth

“…Among all the tested extracts for total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the P. hysterophorus leaf extract prepared at high temperature in methanolic solvents shown maximum antioxidant capacity. In a study done by Ahmad et al, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of P. hysterophorus increased with increased duration of stress in leaves; the leaves exposed to high light (HL) showed maximum TAC as compared to leaves exposed to medium light (ML) [ 11 ]. The reduction potential of the P. hysterophorus extract was maximum in flower extract prepared in the methanolic medium at high temperature.…”

“…Parthenium has been reported to inhibit the growth of other vegetation [ 10 ]. In a recent study by Ahmad et al, it is found that P. hysterophorus exhibits tolerance to great extent against abiotic stresses including high light intensities [ 11 , 12 ].…”

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“…[7][8][9] Here, bioinformatics and proteomic studies will be used to identify the P. hysterophorus leaf protein that corresponds to P20. [10]…”