Part 1. The Effect of Microwave Receptors on the Liquefaction of Turkish Coals by Microwave Energy in a Hydrogen Donor Solvent

Yağmur, Emine; Toğrul, Taner

doi:10.1021/ef050162m

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It can be concluded that the increase in the MW receptor/coal ratio can significantly increase the product yield and accelerate the MW pyrolysis process. Similar results have been reported in the literature. ,,, The increased MW receptor/coal ratio resulted in higher heating rates and final pyrolysis temperature, which, in turn, increased the rate of primary products cracking, leading to a sharp increase in the yield of non-condensable gases, as shown in Figure .…”

Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Similar results have been reported in the literature. 32,38,47,48 The increased MW receptor/coal ratio resulted in higher heating rates and final pyrolysis temperature, which, in turn, increased the rate of primary products cracking, leading to a sharp increase in the yield of non-condensable gases, as shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Effect Of the Residence Time And Mw Receptor/coalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Study on Microwave Pyrolysis of an Indonesian Low-Rank Coal

Wang

Tahmasebi

et al. 2013

Energy Fuels

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Microwave pyrolysis of an Indonesian lignite is investigated in this study. The effects of experimental parameters, such as microwave receptor/coal ratio, residence time, temperature, microwave power level, and coal particle size, on the yield and characteristics of coal pyrolysis products were studied systematically. Fe3O4 was used as the microwave receptor. The compositions of oil products from the microwave pyrolysis were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The experimental results showed that a higher microwave power led to higher heating rates and higher volatile matter yields. The yield of gaseous and oil products increased with increasing the microwave receptor/coal ratio and microwave power. The oil products were complex mixtures of organic compounds with a variety of chemical groups. The yields of aromatic compounds, including phenol and naphthalene, increased significantly with the pyrolysis time. The oil products contained 17.27% saturated aliphatic species, while the aromatic compounds accounted for 45.5%, and polar groups formed 25.84% of pyrolysis oil. As pyrolysis proceeded, Fe3O4 was reduced to elemental Fe at the later stages of microwave pyrolysis, as evidenced by X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray analyses. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the morphology of the microwave receptor (Fe3O4) changed as a result of reduction.

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Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Effect Of the Residence Time And Mw Receptor/coalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Microwave Pyrolysis of an Indonesian Low-Rank Coal

Wang

Tahmasebi

et al. 2013

Energy Fuels

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“…This high temperature is obtained because of the absorption of microwaves by the carbon which was applied as a bed. In addition to the use of carbon and graphite, oxides of metals are also reported as microwave absorbing materials . These materials may absorb microwaves and generate heat because of the vibrational relaxations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of fuel by co-pyrolysis of Makarwal coal and waste polypropylene through a hybrid heating system of convection and microwaves

Hussain

Gulab

et al. 2016

Int. J. Energy Res.

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Summary The bituminous coal of the Makarwal range of Pakistan and waste polypropylene were converted into gaseous and liquid fuel using a hybrid heating process based on microwave metal interactions. The mixture of coal and polypropylene was heated by the volumetric heating generated by absorption of the microwaves and the conventional heating produced by the sparking of copper under microwave power in a domestic microwave oven. The heat generation capacity and range of sparking of copper were increased by the use of tightly coiled copper antenna. The heat generation efficiency of copper antenna was found to vary with variation in the shape of the copper antenna. Four types of antenna were used in the pyrolysis process, i.e. the antenna made of tightly coiled copper, copper mesh antenna, copper strips antenna and copper cylinder antenna. It was observed that copper coil and copper mesh antenna were more efficient and responsible for higher percent conversions while the multi‐strip antenna was next and the least percent conversion was observed for single strip cylinder of copper. The amount of products and the relative concentrations of the oil, wax and gases were observed to vary with variations in the relative amount of coal and polymers. Both the gaseous product and aqueous fraction were analysed for sulphides using lead acetate reagent. The gases were also analysed for the presence of alkynes and alkenes using aqueous solutions of copper‐I chloride and potassium permanganate respectively. The oily product which was composed of oil and wax was analysed by GC‐FID and GC‐MS analyses. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…21 By this way, the copper vanadate precursor could be employed to obtain copper nanoparticles and vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ). Especially, previous reports suggested that V 2 O 5 could strongly enhance the microwave adsorption capability, 22 which could promote the reduction rate of copper. Moreover, V 2 O 5 was important to improve surface adsorption due to its redox and Lewis acid-base properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%