Parsimony‐based fit indices for multiple‐indicator models: Do they work?

Williams, Larry J.; Holahan, Patricia J.

doi:10.1080/10705519409539970

Cited by 224 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Previous research has found that chi-square is likely to reject a model that fits the data well but imperfectly, is very sensitive to sample size, and improves when more parameters are added (Mulaik et al, 1989;Neale & Cardon, 1992;Tanaka, 1993). AIC considers both the goodness of fit and parsimony, thereby providing a useful fit index to be used in addition to chi-square (Williams & Holahan, 1994). Further discussion of fit indices is available elsewhere (Bollen & Long, 1993;Loehlin, 1992b;Neale & Cardon, 1992).…”

Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Mothering of Adolescents: A Comparison of Two Samples.

Neiderhiser¹,

Reiss²,

Pedersen³

et al. 2004

Developmental Psychology

192

295

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This study examined 2 samples of adolescents and mothers using a child-based design (Nonshared Environment in Adolescent Development [NEAD] project, N = 395 families) and a parent-based design (Twin Moms [TM] project, N = 236 twin family pairs) to compare genetic and environmental influences on mothering. For both samples, the same measures of positivity, negativity, control, and monitoring were used. The use of matched child-based and parent-based samples enabled passive and nonpassive genotype-environment (GE) correlations to be approximated, providing information about process. Passive GE correlations were suggested for mother's positivity and monitoring. For mother's negativity and control, primarily nonpassive GE correlations were suggested. In several cases, both types of GE correlation were indicated. Finally, observer ratings of negativity and monitoring were influenced only by environmental factors.

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Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Mothering of Adolescents: A Comparison of Two Samples.

Neiderhiser¹,

Reiss²,

Pedersen³

et al. 2004

Developmental Psychology

192

295

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“…Alternative models are evaluated by comparing the difference in their chi-squares relative to the difference in their degrees of freedom (df); according to the principle of parsimony models with fewer parameters are preferable if they do not provide significantly worse fit. We operationalize this balance between explanatory power and parsimony by the use of Akaike's information criterion (AIC) (Aikake, 1987;Williams & Holahan, 1994) which is calculated as X 2 -2df equals the difference in the number of degrees of freedom between the two models being compared. The lower (or more negative) the value of the AIC the better is the balance between explanatory power and parsimony.…”

Section: Model Fittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Heritability of Cluster B Personality Disorders Assessed Both by Personal Interview and Questionnaire

Torgersen¹,

Myers²,

Reichborn‐Kjennerud³

et al. 2012

Journal of Personality Disorders

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Whereas the heritability of common personality traits has been firmly established, the results of the few published studies on personality disorders (PDs) are highly divergent, with some studies finding high heredity and others very low. A problem with assessing personality disorders by means of interview is errors connected with interviewer bias. A way to overcome the problem is to use self-report questionnaires in addition to interviews. This study used both interview and questionnaire for assessing DSM-IV Cluster B personality disorders: antisocial personality disorder (APD), borderline (BPD), narcissistic (NPD), and histrionic (HPD).We assessed close to 2,800 twins from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health Twin Panel using a self-report questionnaire and, a few years later, the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality (SIDP-IV). Items from the self-report questionnaire that best predicted the PDs captured by the interview were then selected. Measurement models combining questionnaire and interview information were applied and were fitted using Mx.Whereas the heritability of Cluster B PDs assessed by interview was around .30, and around .40-. 50 when assessed by self-report questionnaire, the heritability of the convergent latent factor, including information from both interview and self-report questionnaire was .69 for APD, .67 for BPD, .71 for NPD, and .63 for HPD. As is usually found for personality, the effect of shared-in families (familial) environment was zero. In conclusion, when both interview and self-report questionnaire are taken into account, the heritability of Cluster B PD appears to be in the upper range of previous findings for mental disorders.A number of family, twin, and adoption studies have established the effects of heritability on common personality traits and dimensions (Johnson, Vernon, & Feiler, 2008, Torgersen, 2005. The effects are around .40-.50. Relatively few studies have investigated the heritability of personality disorders (PDs) (Livesley & Jang, 2008). Two studies have published results for the entire range of PDs assessed by structured interviews, finding heritability around .50-.60 (Torgersen et al., 2000) or around .30 (Kendler et al., 2008). The studies of PDs (or similar dysfunctional personality traits) measured by self-rate questionnaire have yielded somewhat higher heritabilities, around .50 (Jang, Livesley, Vernon, & Jackson, 1996a) and around .70-.80 (Coolidge, Thede, & Jang, 2001). Generally, the shared-in-families (familial) environmental effect is small or zero.However, there are only moderate correlations between the assessment of PDs measured by interview and the assessment of PDs measured by self-report questionnaire (Zimmermann, 1994), or between interview assessed PDs and Big Five dimensions and facets (Samuels & Widiger, 2008;Saulsman & Page, 2004, 2005. This suggests that the two methods assess partly the same concept, but also partly different concepts. The specific variance measured by each method includes valid variance as well as mea...

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“…This model was compared for fit with the model where the genetic and environmental parameters were constrained to be the same in both sexes. All models were compared to a saturated model for goodness-of-fit (Williams, 1994). The best fit model was selected by the Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) which is an index of both goodness-of-fit and parsimony (Akaike, 1987).…”

Section: Twin Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%