Purpose-To report on outcomes after contralateral autologous penetrating keratoplasty (APK).
Design: Case series.Patient population: 5 patients who received a contralateral APK and a simultaneous allogeneic PKP in the donor eye at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute and the Miami Veterans Affairs Hospital.Results-The median patient age at the time of surgery in our 5 patients was 67 years (range, 58-88 years); 4 patients were male and 1 female, 1 patient was white and 4 black. The surgery was uneventful in all cases and no operative or immediate post-operative complications occurred in either eye. Follow-up time ranged from 18-54 months (mean, 35 months; median, 34 months). During this time, 4 of the autologous grafts failed due to endothelial attenuation. Identified risk factors for failure in the autologous eyes included the presence of a glaucoma tube (5/5), previous graft failure (4/5) and anterior synechiae in (2/5).Conclusion-This study is the first to describe graft failure due to slow endothelial attenuation after APK. This study underscores the importance of non-immunologic factors in endothelial cell loss after corneal transplant surgery and highlights the need for further research to understand and modulate endothelial loss.