Pars Interarticularis Stress Reaction, Spondylolysis, and Spondylolisthesis in Gymnasts

Ciullo, Jerome V.; Jackson, Douglas W.

doi:10.1016/s0278-5919(20)31264-3

Cited by 124 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…3,9 The second most prevalent finding was the stress reaction of the pars interarticularis that was detected in 5 rowers (Figures 2 and 3), a condition that may progress to spondylolysis (Figure 4). 6-8,23 This lesion occurs in stages and begins with a stress reaction in the pars interarticularis, which may progress to cortical rupture, termed spondylolysis . 5,25,28,32 Similar to a previous study conducted by Ranson et al, 29 which used MRI to evaluate the lumbar spine of professional cricket players, our study showed that asymptomatic rowers also had disc degeneration and pars interarticularis stress reaction in the lumbar spine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spine Abnormalities Depicted by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Adolescent Rowers

2010

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spine Abnormalities Depicted by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Adolescent Rowers

2010

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“…Side bending causes pain on the side of a spondylolytic defect, whereas this maneuver causes little or no pain in SPE. Forward flexion is not painful or limited in SPE, although spondylolysis may cause hamstrings spasm, 19 thus limiting forward bending. In SPE, resisted extension from a flexed position may cause pain from traction stress on the dorsal spinous processes in SPE.…”

Section: Skeletally Immature Spinementioning

confidence: 99%

Peri-epiphyseal and Overuse Injuries in Adolescent Athletes

Frush

Lindenfeld

2009

Sports Health

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Context:Overuse injuries of the musculoskeletal system in immature athletes are commonly seen in medical practice.Evidence Acquisition:An analysis of published clinical, outcome, and biomechanical studies of adolescent epiphyseal and overuse injuries was performed through 2008 to increase recognition and provide treatment recommendations.Results:Adolescent athletes can sustain physeal and bony stress injuries. Recovery and return to play occur more swiftly if such injuries are diagnosed early and immobilized until the patient is pain-free, typically about 4 weeks for apophyseal and epiphyseal overuse injuries. Certain epiphyseal injuries have prolonged symptoms with delayed treatment, including those involving the bones in the hand, elbow, and foot. If such injuries are missed, prolonged healing and significant restrictions in athletic pursuits may occur.Conclusion:Some of these injuries are common to all weightbearing sports and are therefore widely recognized. Several are common in gymnastics but are rarely seen in other athletes. Early recognition and treatment of these conditions lead to quicker recovery and so may prevent season-ending, even career-ending, events from occurring.

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“…Although multiple factors may be involved in its genesis, when it occurs among athletes it is currently considered to be a stress fracture. 2,3,6,10,11,17,18 The literature contains numerous epidemiologic studies that report the prevalence of spondylolysis among athletes as being three to four times higher than that among the general population, 1,2,5,6,8,11–13 and that highlight the causative relationship between sport and lysis. There is general agreement that sports movements that require lumbar hyperextension or extension and rotation 1–3,10,19 constitute a risk with regard to the development of these lesions, especially in the case of an immature spine.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Spondylolysis in the Spanish Elite Athlete

Soler¹,

Calderón²

2000

Am J Sports Med

226

118

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The diagnosis of spondylolysis is a major cause of concern for patients and their families, especially when the patients are young athletes with promising futures in their sports. In this study, 3152 case histories of high-level athletes were evaluated to determine which sports had a higher prevalence of spondylolysis. The overall percentage of spondylolysis among athletes in this study (8.02%) was not very much higher than that among the general population, which varies between 3% and 7%. However, when each sport was considered separately we found much higher values for some sports, with the highest percentages occurring in throwing sports (26.67%), artistic gymnastics (16.96%), and rowing (16.88%). The analysis of the biomechanical movements involved in the sports with greater prevalence of spondylolysis has led us to include the element of torsion against resistance as another possible causative factor for spondylolysis that should be added to the already known causative mechanisms, lumbar hyperextension and rotation. We have divided the sports into three risk groups according to the prevalence of spondylolysis shown and the characteristics of the sample, and we recommend systematic radiological examination of the lumbar spine in athletes considered to be at greater risk of developing spondylolysis.

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Pars Interarticularis Stress Reaction, Spondylolysis, and Spondylolisthesis in Gymnasts

Cited by 124 publications

References 21 publications

Spine Abnormalities Depicted by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Adolescent Rowers

Spine Abnormalities Depicted by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Adolescent Rowers

Peri-epiphyseal and Overuse Injuries in Adolescent Athletes

The Prevalence of Spondylolysis in the Spanish Elite Athlete

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