Parosmia in patients with COVID‐19 and olfactory dysfunction

Raad, Nasim; Ghorbani, Jahangir; Naeini, Ali Safavi; Tajik, Neda; Karimi-Galougahi, Mahboobeh

doi:10.1002/alr.22818

Cited by 21 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In line with this, chemosensory distortions in this study occurred at significantly higher rates in acute SARS-CoV-2 infections compared to other colds. Similar results have been reported in recent studies [ 25 , 26 ], but sometimes with much higher incidences [ 24 ] which might be explained by the time interval between the onset of the cold and survey completion. In our study, all patients were interviewed at the time of diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

SARS-CoV-2 Leads to Significantly More Severe Olfactory Loss than Other Seasonal Cold Viruses

Haehner

Marquardt

Kardashi

et al. 2022

Life

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The aim of this study was to investigate whether COVID-associated olfactory impairment differs from olfactory disorders due to other upper respiratory tract infections. We investigated the frequency of a SARS-CoV-2 infection among subjects presenting with a subjective olfactory impairment to a corona outpatient clinic between October 2020 and March 2021. Olfactory and gustatory loss were tested psychophysically, and the type of infection, SARS-CoV-2 versus 14 other common cold viruses, was assessed with nasopharyngeal swabs. Differences between the smell impairment caused by the pathogens were compared. Out of the 2120 patients, 314 reported sudden smell and/or taste loss (14%). In 68.9% of them, olfactory and in 25.6%, gustatory dysfunction could be confirmed by psychophysical testing. Of those with a psychophysically determined loss of smell, 61% were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 led to a significantly more severe loss of smell and more qualitative olfactory disorders than other pathogens. Apart from rhinorrhea, shortness of breath and sore throat accompanying cold symptoms do not differ significantly between the viruses indicating the particular importance of smell loss in the differential diagnosis of seasonal colds. Multiplex-PCR in non-COVID patients revealed that only 27% of them had rhinoviruses, whereas the remainder were no further identified pathogens. Olfactory screening significantly increases diagnostic accuracy in COVID-19 patients compared to subjective assessment of olfactory loss.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

SARS-CoV-2 Leads to Significantly More Severe Olfactory Loss than Other Seasonal Cold Viruses

Haehner

Marquardt

Kardashi

et al. 2022

Life

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“…Of all the reports, 11 publications were from India [ 24 – 26 , 30 – 37 ]. The most commonly reported infection sites were rhino-orbital/rhino-cerebral mucormycosis[ 24 – 26 , 30 , 32 – 37 , 40 , 42 , 45 , 47 , 52 – 54 ]. Other presentations included pulmonary [ 31 , 41 , 43 , 44 , 49 , 51 , 55 ], cutaneous [ 46 ], disseminated [ 56 ] and gastrointestinal [ 48 ] diseases.…”

Section: Clinical Features and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reported organisms were Rhizopus spp. [ 24 , 31 , 36 , 41 – 44 , 47 , 49 , 51 , 55 ] and the others were reported as unspecified Mucorale [ 25 , 26 , 30 , 33 – 35 , 37 , 40 , 45 , 48 , 50 , 52 , 54 ]. The management of mucormycosis is usually difficult and requires urgent medical and surgical debridement while the choice of drug to treat mucormycosis is Amphotericin B [ 23 , 57 ] and Amphotericin was used in 23 of the included studies [ 24 – 26 , 30 – 37 , 40 – 44 , 46 , 47 , 49 – 54 ] and surgical debridement was reported in 20 of the included studies [ 24 – 26 , 30 , 32 – 37 , 40 , 44 – 47 , 50 – 54 ].…”

Section: Clinical Features and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and mucormycosis superinfection: the perfect storm

et al. 2021

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Background The recent emergence of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) disease had been associated with reports of fungal infections such as aspergillosis and mucormycosis especially among critically ill patients treated with steroids. The recent surge in cases of COVID-19 in India during the second wave of the pandemic had been associated with increased reporting of invasive mucormycosis post COVID-19. There are multiple case reports and case series describing mucormycosis in COVID-19. Purpose In this review, we included most recent reported case reports and case-series of mucormycosis among patients with COVID-19 and describe the clinical features and outcome. Results Many of the mucormycosis reports were eported from India, especially in COVID-19 patients who were treated and recovered patients. The most commonly reported infection sites were rhino-orbital/rhino-cerebral mucormycosis. Those patients were diabetic and had corticosteroids therapy for controlling the severity of COVID-19, leading to a higher fatality in such cases and complicating the pandemic scenario. The triad of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), corticosteroid use and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus have been evident for significant increase in the incidence of angioinvasive maxillofacial mucormycosis. In addition, the presence of spores and other factors might play a role as well. Conclusion With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and increasing number of critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, it is important to develop a risk-based approach for patients at risk of mucormycosis based on the epidemiological burden of mucormycosis, prevalence of diabetes mellitus, COVID-19 disease severity and use of immune modulating agents including the combined use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents in patients with cancer and transplants.

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“…(alteration of taste) [10,11]. Few publications systematically study the long-term persistence of qualitative change [12] and most of these focus on parosmia [13,14]. Patients with persisting olfactory dysfunction report a lower quality of life due to depression, anxiety, interference with daily routines and problems with enjoyment of food [15][16][17].…”

Section: Epi-sars Study and The Substudy On Smell And Tastementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date there are case reports on qualitative changes in olfactory and gustatory function, such as phantosmia (hallucination of smell), parosmia (alteration of smell), and dysgeusia (alteration of taste) [10,11]. Few publications systematically study the long-term persistence of qualitative change [12] and most of these focus on parosmia [13,14]. Patients with persisting olfactory dysfunction report a lower quality of life due to depression, anxiety, interference with daily routines and problems with enjoyment of food [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phantosmia, Parosmia, and Dysgeusia Are Prolonged and Late-Onset Symptoms of COVID-19

Schambeck

Crowell

Wagner

et al. 2021

JCM

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Deficiencies in smell and taste are common symptoms of COVID-19. Quantitative losses are well surveyed. This study focuses on qualitative changes such as phantosmia (hallucination of smell), parosmia (alteration of smell), and dysgeusia (alteration of taste) and possible connections with the adaptive immune system. Subjective experience of deficiency in taste and smell was assessed by two different questionnaires after a median of 100 and 244 days after first positive RT-PCR test. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels were measured with the iFlash-SARS-CoV-2 assay. After 100 days a psychophysical screening test for olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was administered. 30 of 44 (68.2%) participants reported a chemosensory dysfunction (14 quantitative, 6 qualitative, 10 quantitative, and qualitative) during COVID-19, eleven (25.0%) participants (1 quantitative, 7 qualitative, 3 quantitative, and quantity) after 100 days, and 14 (31.8%) participants (1 quantitative, 10 qualitative, 3 quantitative and qualitative) after 244 days. Four (9.1%) participants, who were symptom-free after 100 days reported now recently arisen qualitative changes. Serological and T-cell analysis showed no correlation with impairment of taste and smell. In conclusion, qualitative changes can persist for several months and occur as late-onset symptoms months after full recovery from COVID-19-induced quantitative losses in taste and smell.

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Parosmia in patients with COVID‐19 and olfactory dysfunction

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

SARS-CoV-2 Leads to Significantly More Severe Olfactory Loss than Other Seasonal Cold Viruses

SARS-CoV-2 Leads to Significantly More Severe Olfactory Loss than Other Seasonal Cold Viruses

COVID-19 and mucormycosis superinfection: the perfect storm

Phantosmia, Parosmia, and Dysgeusia Are Prolonged and Late-Onset Symptoms of COVID-19

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