Parosmia and Neurological Disorders: A Neglected Association

Salvo, Simona De; Marıno, Silvia; Bramantı, Placido; Caminiti, Fabrizia

doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.543275

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…This does not support quantitative smell impairment as a significant factor contributing to phantosmia/parosmia in our patients. Even though olfactory loss and phantosmia/parosmia may coexist [28], our finding is nevertheless in line with the observation that qualitative smell disorders may also occur among subjects with normal olfactory function [30][31][32]. The lack of taste loss (as assessed by Taste Strips test) in our patients with qualitative gustatory disturbances suggests that also parageusia/ phantogeusia may be associated with a normal taste system.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Qualitative smell/taste disorders as sequelae of acute COVID-19

et al. 2021

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Background Qualitative smell/taste disorders (such as phantosmia, parosmia, phantogeusia, and parageusia) have not yet been fully characterized in patients who had COVID-19, whereas quantitative disturbances (i.e., reduction/loss of smell/taste) have been widely investigated. Objective To simultaneously assess the presence of both quantitative and qualitative smell/taste dysfunctions in patients who suffered from COVID-19. Methods We enrolled 17 consecutive patients who suffered from COVID-19 over the last 6 months and 21 healthy controls, matched for sex and age. After a negative nasopharyngeal swab, the Sniffin’ Sticks Test and the Taste Strips were used to assess olfactory and taste function, respectively. At the same time, the presence of phantosmia, parosmia, phantogeusia, and parageusia was investigated with a standardized questionnaire. Results Qualitative disturbances of smell and/or taste were found in 6/17 (35.3%) patients. Phantosmia was reported in 2/17 (11.8%) patients and parosmia in 4/17 (23.5%). There were no significant differences in smell test scores between patients who reported phantosmia and/or parosmia and patients who did not. Phantogeusia was described in 3/17 (17.6%) patients, and parageusia was identified in 4/17 (23.5%) patients. All tested patients were normogeusic. Conclusion Around one-third of patients who recover from COVID-19 may have persistent qualitative dysfunction in smell/taste domains. Detection of phantogeusia in long-term COVID-19 patients represents a further novel finding. Further investigation is needed to better characterize the pathophysiology of phantosmia, parosmia, phantogeusia, and parageusia in patients who had COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Qualitative smell/taste disorders as sequelae of acute COVID-19

et al. 2021

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“…Thus, a familiar food, which does not taste as expected, will arouse disgust, perhaps especially so if this is not counteracted (compensated for) by the presence of innately liked sweetness or saltiness. There was evidence that parosmia and phantosmia [ 26 ] also contributed to feelings of disgust for some participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies of altered chemosensory perception associated with COVID-19 have described loss of smell as a common symptom of COVID-19 [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 18 ]. Complete loss of olfactory perception is termed anosmia, and reduced olfactory perception is termed hyposmia [ 26 ]. Parosmia, the altered perception of a familiar odour, and phantosmia, the perception of a smell in the absence of an odour, are also associated with COVID-19, e.g., [ 6 , 18 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varied Effects of COVID-19 Chemosensory Loss and Distortion on Appetite: Implications for Understanding Motives for Eating and Drinking

Turner

Rogers

2022

Foods

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A common symptom of COVID-19 is altered smell and taste. This qualitative study sought to further characterise this altered chemosensory perception and its effects on appetite for food and drink. Eighteen women and two men who had experienced chemosensory loss associated with COVID-19 participated in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis of the interview transcripts revealed five major themes. These confirmed that all participants had experienced an altered sense of smell (anosmia, and less frequently parosmia and phantosmia) of variable duration. Loss of taste (ability to detect sweetness, saltiness, etc.) was less common. Participants experienced decreased, no change or increased appetite, with six participants reporting weight loss. Consistent with evidence linking diminished appetite with inflammation, for two participants, decreased appetite preceded anosmia onset. Anosmia reduced enjoyment of food and drink. Compensatory strategies included choosing salty, sweet and ‘spicy’ foods, and increased attention to food texture, and there was evidence that the postingestive rewarding effects of food intake were also important for maintaining appetite. Some participants mentioned increased alcohol intake, in part facilitated by reduced intensity of disliked flavours of alcoholic drinks. The narratives also underlined the value placed on the sociability and structuring of time that daily meals provide. This research adds to the record and analysis of lived experiences of altered chemosensory perception resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection, and it contributes insights concerning the role of smell and flavour in motivating and rewarding food ingestion.

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“…In another study, 116 patients with PTOD were treated with systemic prednisolone (60 mg/day for 3 days, tapered every 3 days for 15 days), and the olfactory threshold improved in 19 patients. 1527 Patients with PTOD were treated with topical betamethasone and the improvement rate was 29%. In this report, the improvement rate between patients who were administered steroids and those administered TSS was compared, but no significant differences were observed.…”

Section: B Treatment Of Posttraumatic Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction

Patel

Holbrook

Turner

et al. 2022

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol

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Background:The literature regarding clinical olfaction, olfactory loss, and olfactory dysfunction has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, with an exponential rise in the past year. There is substantial variability in the quality of this literature and a need to consolidate and critically review the evidence. It is with that aim that we have gathered experts from around the world to produce this International Consensus on Allergy and Rhinology: Olfaction (ICAR:O). Methods: Using previously described methodology, specific topics were developed relating to olfaction. Each topic was assigned a literature review, evidence-based review, or evidence-based review with recommendations format as dictated by available evidence and scope within the ICAR:O document. Following iterative reviews of each topic, the ICAR:O document was integrated and reviewed by all authors for final consensus. Results:The ICAR:O document reviews nearly 100 separate topics within the realm of olfaction, including diagnosis, epidemiology, disease burden, diagnosis, testing, etiology, treatment, and associated pathologies. Conclusion:This critical review of the existing clinical olfaction literature provides much needed insight and clarity into the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with olfactory dysfunction, while also clearly delineating gaps in our knowledge and evidence base that we should investigate further.

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Parosmia and Neurological Disorders: A Neglected Association

Cited by 17 publications

References 44 publications

Qualitative smell/taste disorders as sequelae of acute COVID-19

Qualitative smell/taste disorders as sequelae of acute COVID-19

Varied Effects of COVID-19 Chemosensory Loss and Distortion on Appetite: Implications for Understanding Motives for Eating and Drinking

International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction

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