“…AG conjugates to an efflux pump inhibitor or to an antibiotic drug of another class (antibiotic hybrids) can promote, as adjuvants, the uptake of antibiotics through the OM of Gram-negative bacteria via the self-promoted uptake mechanism by displacement of the divalent cations (Ca 2+ or Mg 2+ ), which stabilize LPS [ 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 ]. The high affinity of strongly lipophilic AAGs of the first and second types for nucleic acids was used to develop efficient non-antibacterial vehicles for nucleic acid uptake in mammalian cells [ 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 ]. AAGs have also been employed for drug delivery [ 158 , 159 ] and their cationic characters should be exploited to deliver anionic drugs.…”