Parody, Symbol and the Literary Past in Lucian

Abstract

Laughter and the elicitation of laughter in Lucian are dependent principally upon the paideia which his readers require in order to unravel fully the complexity of his literary allusion and satire. Through analysis of key satirical passages in the True Histories, the Charon, the Icaromenippus and the Nigrinus, this chapter demonstrates that Lucian, and his readers, laugh at the history of interpretation, both philosophical and literary. It delves into the literariness of Lucian’s satire, and in particular his representation of the literary past as a lens for laughing at the less educated. Lucian parodies historiographical and philosophical accounts of the moon in the lunar voyages in the True Histories and Icaromenippus, undercuts allegorical accounts of the cosmos in the Charon, and proves the absurdity and shallowness of contemporary Roman pretentions of Greek paideia in the Nigrinus by parodying the pseudo-learning so much on display.

Impact of upstream chlorination on filter performance and microbial community structure of GAC and anthracite biofilters

“…The observed amoebas had diameters of 20-30 μm. Comparison with literature suggests that these viable amoebas exhibit similar morphology to the genus Vannella, which consists of flabellate amoebas found in freshwater, soil, and seawater (typical diameter = 9-80 μm), 42 as well as in swamps, 43 and moist sanitary areas. 44 They have also been identified in drinking water treatment plants, drinking water biofilms, hot water tanks, and residential and hospital tap waters.…”