Parkinsonism and spastic paraplegia type 7: Expanding the spectrum of mitochondrial Parkinsonism

Abstract

Background Pathogenic variants in the spastic paraplegia type 7 gene cause a complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia phenotype associated with classical features of mitochondrial diseases, including ataxia, progressive external ophthalmoplegia, and deletions of mitochondrial DNA. Objectives To better characterize spastic paraplegia type 7 disease with a clinical, genetic, and functional analysis of a Spanish cohort of spastic paraplegia type 7 patients. Methods Genetic analysis was performed in patients suspecting hereditary spastic paraplegia and in 1 patient with parkinsonism and Pisa syndrome, through next‐generation sequencing, whole‐exome sequencing, targeted Sanger sequencing, and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe analysis, and blood mitochondrial DNA levels determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results Thirty‐five patients were found to carry homozygous or compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in the spastic paraplegia type 7 gene. Mean age at onset was 40 years (range, 12–63); 63% of spastic paraplegia type 7 patients were male, and three‐quarters of all patients had at least one allele with the c.1529C>T (p.Ala510Val) mutation. Eighty percent of the cohort showed a complicated phenotype, combining ataxia and progressive external ophthalmoplegia (65% and 26%, respectively). Parkinsonism was observed in 21% of cases. Analysis of blood mitochondrial DNA indicated that both patients and carriers of spastic paraplegia type 7 pathogenic variants had markedly lower levels of mitochondrial DNA than control subjects (228 per haploid nuclear DNA vs. 176 vs. 573, respectively; P < 0.001). Conclusions Parkinsonism is a frequent finding in spastic paraplegia type 7 patients. Spastic paraplegia type 7 pathogenic variants impair mitochondrial DNA homeostasis irrespective of the number of mutant alleles, type of variant, and patient or carrier status. Thus, spastic paraplegia type 7 supports mitochondrial DNA maintenance, and variants in the gene may cause parkinsonism owing to mitochondrial DNA abnormalities. Moreover, mitochondrial DNA blood analysis could be a useful biomarker to detect at risk families. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society

Mutated ATP10B increases Parkinson’s disease risk by compromising lysosomal glucosylceramide export

“…Replication in exome data from 1148 European PD patients revealed significant association of heterozygous of p.A510V in SPG7 with PD risk [106]. Another independent study reported that parkinsonism is frequently observed in spastic paraplegia patients with pathogenic variants in SPG7 [25]. These examples demonstrated that despite the limitations of small discovery cohorts, valuable data can Immunoblotting was performed with primary antibodies against ATP10B, the CDC50A Flag-tag and GAPDH, which was used as a loading control.…”

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“…Recently, among 35 SPG7 patients, parkinsonism was observed in 21% of cases. mtDNA copy number quantification in blood revealed significantly lower mtDNA levels in either patients or carriers than controls [78] .…”

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“…Notably, previous studies have also yielded interesting candidates even with small sample sizes: Guo et al have nominated interesting variants in NUS1 from 39 trios with healthy parents and earlyonset patients with PD (14), and a smaller study of exome sequencing in 50 early-onset patients with PD has nominated interesting variants in SPG7 (11). The SPG7 implication in PD has been independently identified (15). Taken together, although there are limitations, smaller discovery cohorts can still be valuable, and further replication in larger cohorts are warranted.…”