Parkinsonism and dystonia: Clinical spectrum and diagnostic clues

Morales‐Briceño, Hugo; Fung, Victor S.C.; Bhatia, Kailash P.; Balint, Bettina

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2021.120016

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…In summary, we described the case of a G2019S carrier with generalized persistent dystonia as the only manifestation, and probably this may be the case with some others LRRK2 carriers. This fact is very well known with Parkin carriers [5] , but in our knowledge, highly unusual in LRRK2 carriers.…”

supporting

confidence: 58%

Generalized dystonia without Parkinsonism in an LRRK2 carrier

Díaz-Feliz

Feliz-Feliz

Val

et al. 2022

Clinical Parkinsonism & Related Disorders

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supporting

confidence: 58%

Generalized dystonia without Parkinsonism in an LRRK2 carrier

Díaz-Feliz

Feliz-Feliz

Val

et al. 2022

Clinical Parkinsonism & Related Disorders

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“…6 Clinical and radiological features are useful in narrowing myriad acquired and genetic disorders that cause dystonia-parkinsonism. 14 Opisthotonus occurs in several infectious, drug-induced, metabolic, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative disorders 15,16 ; it should be differentiated from "arc de cercle" of psychogenic origin. 17,18 Although dystonic opisthotonus may occur spontaneously, it usually occurs when the patient stands up and starts walking (actioninduced).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unmistakable Truncal Dystonia Mistaken as Psychogenic: A Case Report of VAC14‐Related Neurodegeneration

Bhowmick,

Mahajan,

Shah

et al. 2023

Movement Disord Clin Pract

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“…Dystonia can affect a single body part (focal dystonia), multiple body parts (multifocal dystonia), or the entire body (generalized dystonia) [22]. Dystonia can be primary, with no known cause, or secondary, resulting from other factors such as injury, infection [23], or medication [24]. Interestingly, some diseases, such as herpes zoster, can provide clues for diagnosing these conditions [25].…”

Section: Hyperkinetic Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Understanding and Managing Movement Disorders: A Comprehensive Review

R. Santos

2024

Preprint

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Movement disorders encompass a diverse group of neurological conditions characterized by abnormal voluntary or involuntary movements. These disorders can be classified broadly into hyperkinetic and hypokinetic disorders. Excessive, involuntary movements, including tremors, dystonia, chorea, and myoclonus characterize hyperkinetic disorders. Tremors are rhythmic, involuntary movements occurring at rest or during movement. Dystonia involves sustained muscle contractions, leading to twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures. Chorea manifests as brief, irregular, involuntary movements that flow from one body part to another. Myoclonus consists of sudden, brief muscle contractions, either spontaneous or in response to a stimulus. Hypokinetic disorders are characterized by a lack of movement or difficulty initiating movement, as seen in Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonism. Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that primarily affects movement, causing tremors, stiffness, and difficulty with balance and coordination. Parkinsonism refers to a group of disorders with similar symptoms to Parkinson's disease but with different underlying causes. Diagnosing movement disorders involves a thorough clinical evaluation, including a detailed medical history and physical examination. Neuroimaging studies such as MRI, CT scans, and functional imaging techniques may be used to assess brain structure and function. Additionally, laboratory tests, including genetic testing and biochemical markers, can help diagnose certain movement disorders.

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Parkinsonism and dystonia: Clinical spectrum and diagnostic clues

Cited by 14 publications

References 136 publications

Generalized dystonia without Parkinsonism in an LRRK2 carrier

Generalized dystonia without Parkinsonism in an LRRK2 carrier

Unmistakable Truncal Dystonia Mistaken as Psychogenic: A Case Report of VAC14‐Related Neurodegeneration

Advances in Understanding and Managing Movement Disorders: A Comprehensive Review

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