Parkinson’s Disease Without Dementia

Holtgraves, Thomas; Giòrdano, Magda

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47489-2_15

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In this latter task, patients seemed to be able to describe the picture, but often failed to spontaneously convey salient elements needed for a complete explanation of the depicted scene (i.e., the main elements, such as the location or the agent). In general, these problems in production are in line with previous studies, in which patients with PD showed major deficits in discourse organization, in terms of under-informativeness, turn-taking disruption, inappropriate levels of politeness, and paralinguistic deficits (Illes, 1989; McNamara and Durso, 2003; Saldert et al, 2014; Holtgraves and Giordano, 2017). This qualitative inspection was confirmed by a post hoc exploratory analysis that was performed by comparing patients with PD and controls, separately on each item of the Interview task of APACS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This result suggests that at least one major aspect of executive functioning (i.e., working memory) is not strictly related to the pragmatic profile of patients with PD. However, this should not be taken to imply that executive functions in general are not related to pragmatic abilities in PD, as several aspects of executive functioning were not included in our assessment and might be compromised in PD, for example set maintenance (Kehagia et al, 2010; D’Aniello et al, 2015; Holtgraves and Giordano, 2017), with potential associations with pragmatic skills.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly for the aims of this study, several studies highlighted a pragmatic impairment also in patients with PD (McNamara and Durso, 2003; Holtgraves and Giordano, 2017). Disruption of pragmatic abilities in PD has been for long investigated in relation with attentional, short-term memory, and executive deficits, and often traced back to these more basic impairments (e.g., Grossman et al, 1992; McKinlay et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Pragmatic Language Disorder in Parkinson’s Disease and the Potential Effect of Cognitive Reserve

et al. 2019

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It is known that patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) may show deficits in several areas of cognition, including speech and language abilities. One domain of particular interest is pragmatics, which refers to the capacity of using language in context for a successful communication. Several studies showed that some specific aspects of pragmatics – both in production and in comprehension – might be impaired in patients with PD. However, a clear picture of pragmatic abilities in PD is still missing, as most of the existing studies focused on specific aspects of the pragmatic competence rather than on sketching a complete pragmatic profile. Moreover, little is known on the potential role of protective factors in compensating the decline of communicative skills as the disease progresses. The present study has two aims: (1) to provide a complete picture of pragmatic abilities in patients with PD, by using a comprehensive battery (Assessment of Pragmatic Abilities and Cognitive Substrates, APACS) and by investigating the relationship with other aspects of cognitive functioning (e.g., working memory and Theory of Mind) and (2) to investigate whether Cognitive Reserve, i.e., the resilience to cognitive impairment provided by life experiences and activities, may compensate for the progressive pragmatic deficits in PD. We found that patients with PD, compared to healthy matched controls, had worse performance in discourse production and in the description of scenes, and that these impairments were tightly correlated with the severity of motor impairment, suggesting reduced intentionality of engaging in a communicative exchange. Patients with PD showed also an impairment in comprehending texts and humor, suggesting a problem in inferring from stories, which was related to general cognitive impairment. Notably, we did not find any significant difference between patients and controls in figurative language comprehension, a domain that is commonly impaired in other neurodegenerative diseases. This might be indicative of a specific profile of pragmatic impairment in patients with PD, worth of further investigation. Finally, Cognitive Reserve measures showed a high degree of association with pragmatic comprehension abilities, suggesting that the modification of life-styles could be a good candidate for compensating the possible problems in understanding the pragmatic aspects of language experienced by patients with PD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Pragmatic Language Disorder in Parkinson’s Disease and the Potential Effect of Cognitive Reserve

et al. 2019

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“…proposed as pertinent (Martin & McDonald, 2003;Pexman, 2008) and found to be relevant in experimental studies in clinical and non-clinical populations (Booth & Happé, 2010;Caillies et al, 2014;Holtgraves & Giordano, 2017). In the social cognition domain, as was expected, ToM predicted the accuracy and latency of the classification of the ironic statements.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Irony detection engages the Precuneus and Inferior Frontal Gyrus and relies on integration of contextual cues and inferential skills

Valles-Capetillo

Ibarra

Giordano

2022

Preprint

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One of the most difficult forms of communication is irony (Wilson & Sperber, 1981), therefore it has been proposed that it can be a useful indicator of communication abilities (Caillies et al., 2014). Irony is a statement that transmits the opposite meaning of its literal counterpart (Grice, 1975). The cognitive process of mentalization, executive functions and holistic processing style may participate in irony detection. The brain areas that have been associated with detection of irony are the medial prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), the posterior superior temporal gyrus, precuneus, the inferior parietal lobule, among others. The aim of this study was to analyze the cognitive processes involved in irony identification and its neural correlates in a sample of Mexican adults. A total of 45 participants performed an irony identification task during MRI acquisition, while cognitive processes were assessed with a psychometric battery. From the statements evaluated (i.e. ironic, literal, unrelated and white lies), irony was the hardest intention to detect, having the lowest percentage of correct classification and the slowest classification time. The cognitive process that correlated with irony detection were the tasks that evaluated ToM, inhibitory control and verbal abilities. The identification of ironic statements recruited brain areas associated with ToM, language, and inhibitory control networks.

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“…These processes have long been researched in philosophy and linguistics, but only in recent decades has it become a field of research in neuroscience known as “Neuropragmatics” ( Bambini et al, 2011 , Bara et al, 1997 , Cutica et al, 2006 , Gambi et al, 2015 , Hagoort and Levinson, 2014 , Levinson, 2016 , Noveck, 2018 , Sauerland and Schumacher, 2016 , Soroker et al, 2005 ). Substantial linguistic and neurocognitive research has focused on cases where pragmatic processing is most pronounced, that is, in non-literal meanings, including indirect speech, metaphors, irony and humour ( Bambini et al, 2011 , Bambini et al, 2019 , Boux et al, 2022 , Canal and Bambini, 2020 , Coulson, 2008 , Eviatar and Just, 2006 ), on the study of Gricean conversational implicatures ( Benz and Gotzner, 2021 , Degen and Tanenhaus, 2011 , Feng et al, 2021 , Gotzner et al, 2018 , Hartshorne et al, 2015 , Noveck and Posada, 2003 , Zhan et al, 2017 ) or addressing social and pragmatic deficits in various clinical populations ( Bambini et al, 2022 , Baron-Cohen, 1988 , Carotenuto et al, 2018 , Deliens et al, 2018 , Holtgraves and Giordano, 2017 , Soroker et al, 2005 ). Further research has focused on the organisation and structure of conversations, which have yielded important insights on how human social interactions are organised in sequences (e.g., Kendrick et al, 2020 , Levinson, 2013 , Schegloff, 2007 ), where linguistic signs (words and sentences along with non-verbal communication, such as gestures) are used as a tool of communication to carry out linguistic actions, the so-called speech acts.…”

Section: Pragmatics and The Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linguistic signs in action: The neuropragmatics of speech acts

Tomasello

2023

Brain and Language

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Parkinson’s Disease Without Dementia

Cited by 6 publications

References 110 publications

Pragmatic Language Disorder in Parkinson’s Disease and the Potential Effect of Cognitive Reserve

Pragmatic Language Disorder in Parkinson’s Disease and the Potential Effect of Cognitive Reserve

Irony detection engages the Precuneus and Inferior Frontal Gyrus and relies on integration of contextual cues and inferential skills

Linguistic signs in action: The neuropragmatics of speech acts

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