Parkinson's disease pathogenesis, evolution and alternative pathways: A review

Alexoudi, Athanasia; Alexoudi, Iliana; Gatzonis, Stylianos

doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2017.12.003

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Out of rosacea patients, those exposed to tetracycline showed no relation between rosacea and PD, whereas those not exposed to tetracyclines showed the relation [ 19 ]. Many other studies hypothesize the possible mechanisms linking the PD and rosacea [ 20 - 22 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, a mice model of PD also depicts the role of MMP-1, MMP-3 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in dopaminergic inflammation, and neurodegeneration [ 21 ]. Another common link to both diseases is the association with Helicobacter pylori and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) [ 22 ]. PPR form of rosacea has shown an association with microorganisms [ 22 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another common link to both diseases is the association with Helicobacter pylori and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) [ 22 ]. PPR form of rosacea has shown an association with microorganisms [ 22 ]. Furthermore, there is also evidence of aggravation of neuronal deaths in patients with long term gastrointestinal infections by these organisms [ 22 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PPR form of rosacea has shown an association with microorganisms [ 22 ]. Furthermore, there is also evidence of aggravation of neuronal deaths in patients with long term gastrointestinal infections by these organisms [ 22 ]. Treatment of these infections led to improved motor fluctuations in PD [ 23 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parkinson’s Disease and Its Dermatological Associations: Is Your Skin Whispering You a Diagnosis?

Shah

Sagar

Alhumaidi

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized clinically by the triad of resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Although PD is primarily known for motor disturbance, 98.6% of patients experience one or more non-motor symptoms at all stages of the disease. Dermatological disorders are discussed as common non-motor associations of PD since the 20th century. Many studies have shown that patients of PD are predisposed to skin disorders. This article is a traditional review done to analyze the association between PD and its dermatological manifestations. We did a literature search using six keywords in the PubMed database and took the relevant articles published in the last 10 years. We reviewed more than 100 articles, which also included animal studies. On meticulous review, we observed an increased incidence of certain skin disorders like seborrheic dermatitis, bullous pemphigoid, rosacea, and melanoma in patients of PD. These disorders share either common risk factors or underlying mechanisms revolving around genetics, immunology, inflammation, and pathophysiology of PD, but the exact causation yet seems obscured. We believe that this opens a horizon for more research in the link between the skin and nervous system. We also emphasize that the dermatologists, neurologists and general physicians should address the cutaneous disorders in PD timely, educate their patients, help them lessen the psychosocial distress, and improve their quality of life.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Parkinson’s Disease and Its Dermatological Associations: Is Your Skin Whispering You a Diagnosis?

Shah

Sagar

Alhumaidi

et al. 2020

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…1,2 The loss and death of dopaminergic neurons at the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) leads to symptoms such as resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and cognitive dysfunction. 1,3 This decrease is associated with dopamine deficiency and is treated by two strategies. 2,4 The first treatment is generally through dopamine replacement therapy (L-DOPA) 5 although these drugs cannot prevent the loss of dopaminergic neurons and provides a temporary decrease of symptoms, but long-term administration can lead to serious side effects, such as dyskinesia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Homing of Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) Labeled Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by Magnetic Attraction in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease</p>

Moayeri¹,

Darvishi²,

Amraei³

2020

IJN

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Introduction: Stem cell therapies for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) are intended to replace lost dopaminergic neurons. The basis of this treatment is to guide the migration of transplanted cells into the target tissue or injury site. The aim of this study is an evaluation of the homing of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) labeled adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) by an external magnetic field in a rat model of PD. Methods: ADSCs were obtained from perinephric regions of male adult rats and cultured in a DMEM medium. ADSC markers were assessed by immunostaining with CD90, CD105, CD49d, and CD45. The SPION was coated using poly-L-lysine hydrobromide and transfection was determined in rat ADSC using the GFP reporter gene. For this in vivo study, rats with PD were divided into five groups: a positive control group, a control group with PD (lesion with 6-HD injection), and three treatment groups: the PD/ADSC group (PD transplant with ADSCs transfected by BrdU), PD/ADSC/SPION group (PD transplant with ADSCs labeled with SPION and transfected by GFP), and the PD/ADSC/SPION/EM group (PD transplant with ADSCs labeled with SPION and transfected by GFP induced with external magnet). Results: ADSCs were immunoreactive to fat markers CD90 (90.73±1.7), CD105 (87.4±2.9) and CD49d (79.6±2.6), with negative immunostaining at the hematopoietic stem cell marker (CD45: 1.4±0.4). The efficiency of cells with SPION/PLL was about 96% of ADSC. The highest number of GFP-positive cells was in the ADSC/SPION/EM group (54.5±1.3), which was significantly different from that in ADSC/SPION group (30.83±3 and P<0.01). Conclusion: Transfection of ADSC by SPION/PLL is an appropriate protocol for cell therapy. External magnets can be used for the delivery and homing of transplanted stem cells in the target tissue.

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Therapeutic and Diagnostic Agents for Parkinson's Disease

Ghoneim¹,

Booth²

2021

Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery

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This article summarizes the neurobiology of Parkinson's disease and medicinal chemistry relevant to treatment of this neurodegenerative disorder with neuropsychiatric complications. The article also surveys basic clinical features of Parkinson's disease, its neuropathophysiology and etiology. Considered are genetic, maturational, metabolic, and environmental contributors to risk for the disease. Pharmacotherapy for Parkinson's disease includes l ‐dopa to counter cerebral dopamine deficiency, direct dopaminergic agonists, and agents that prolong the actions of l ‐dopa or dopamine by preventing their metabolism by peripheral aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, catechol‐ O ‐methyltransferase, or monoamine oxidase. Additional drugs acting on nondopaminergic systems include muscarinic acetylcholine, adenosine, and l ‐glutamate antagonists, as well as serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine) agonists. Agents used to diagnose Parkinson's disease and monitor its progression include radioactive compounds used to image brain l ‐dopa and dopamine neurotransporters and dopamine receptors. Finally, potential contributions are considered of medicinal chemistry to improve pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease.

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Parkinson's disease pathogenesis, evolution and alternative pathways: A review

Cited by 31 publications

References 66 publications

Parkinson’s Disease and Its Dermatological Associations: Is Your Skin Whispering You a Diagnosis?

Parkinson’s Disease and Its Dermatological Associations: Is Your Skin Whispering You a Diagnosis?

<p>Homing of Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) Labeled Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by Magnetic Attraction in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease</p>

Therapeutic and Diagnostic Agents for Parkinson's Disease

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