Parkinson’s Disease, Melanoma, and Keratinocyte Carcinoma: A Population-Based Study

Abstract

Background: The association between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and melanoma is well recognized, but its relationship with non-melanoma skin cancers has not been studied in depth. Objective: To assess the relationship between PD, and risk of melanoma and keratinocyte carcinoma: squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Methods: This historical cohort study used the data of 1.2 million adult members of a large health organization between 2000 and 2015. Individuals who were diagnosed with PD anytime between 2000 and 2010 were retrospectively followed until 8/2016 for incidence of SCC, BCC, or melanoma identified from physician diagnoses and pathology reports. Results: The PD cohort included 7,727 patients (mean [SD] age = 69.9 [14.8 years]) among the 1,251,695 study population. During follow-up, a total of 4,553, 32,069, and 4,015 cases of BCC, SCC, and melanoma were identified in the study population respectively. Multivariable models revealed that older age, male sex, never smoking, and residence in southern Israel and actinic keratosis were associated with an increased risk of both BCC and SCC. PD patients in the age range 45–64 and 65–84 years at baseline had an OR of 2.11 (95% CI 1.40–3.18) and 1.52 (95% CI 1.21–1.91) for BCC respectively. Weak or no associations were calculated for melanoma or SCC. Conclusions: We report a positive relationship between PD and risk of BCC. These results should stimulate greater awareness on the part of healthcare providers to the increased risk of BCC in PD patients.

Parkinson's disease and skin

“…A positive family history of melanoma has also been shown to increase the risk of PD [29]. Not all studies support the association between PD and melanoma as noted in the meta-analyses; in a large study from Israel including more than 1.2 million members of a health organization followed from 2000 to 2015, there was no increased risk of melanoma after a diagnosis of PD, but the study suggested a higher risk of basal cell carcinoma [30]. A higher risk of non-melanoma skin cancers in PD versus controls [28] and in LRRK2-PD versus idiopathic PD [31] has also been suggested.…”

Association between Skin Cancer and Systemic and Ocular Comorbidities in South Korea

“…Additionally, we also looked for any association between skin cancer and Parkinson’s disease or IBD, which have been suggested as possible comorbidities associated with skin cancer in several previous studies. The association between melanoma and Parkinson’s disease has been demonstrated in several previous studies [ 3 , 33 ]. In addition to L-dopa treatment in patients with Parkinson’s disease, several common genes found in both patients with Parkinson’s disease and melanoma have been suggested to be involved in the association between these two diseases [ 3 , 33 ].…”

“…The association between melanoma and Parkinson’s disease has been demonstrated in several previous studies [ 3 , 33 ]. In addition to L-dopa treatment in patients with Parkinson’s disease, several common genes found in both patients with Parkinson’s disease and melanoma have been suggested to be involved in the association between these two diseases [ 3 , 33 ]. Recently, in addition to melanoma, an increased risk of developing basal cell carcinoma has also been reported in patients with Parkinson’s disease [ 3 ].…”

“…In addition to L-dopa treatment in patients with Parkinson’s disease, several common genes found in both patients with Parkinson’s disease and melanoma have been suggested to be involved in the association between these two diseases [ 3 , 33 ]. Recently, in addition to melanoma, an increased risk of developing basal cell carcinoma has also been reported in patients with Parkinson’s disease [ 3 ]. However, in this study, a significant association between Parkinson’s disease and skin cancer was not observed.…”

“…Although the risk factors and comorbidities of skin cancer have been investigated worldwide, they remain controversial due to the nature and complex pathogenesis of cancer. Various conditions including hypertension [ 1 ], diabetes mellitus (DM) [ 2 ], Parkinson’s disease [ 3 ], atopic dermatitis [ 4 ], and vitiligo [ 5 ] have been suggested as possible comorbidities of skin cancer, but the relationship between skin cancer and other diseases remains unclear. The eye is another structure commonly exposed to sunlight, and previous studies have indicated a possible association of skin cancer and ocular conditions including cataract [ 6 ], and pterygium [ 7 , 8 ].…”