Parkinson's disease and the bones

Gnädinger, Markus; Mellinghoff, Hans-Ulrich; Kaelin‐Lang, Alain

doi:10.4414/smw.2011.13154

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Hip fractures have been reported as the most common site of fractures and have shown the strongest association with PD in some previous studies [16,20,21]. In this study, upper limb fractures were the most common type of fracture experienced in both the PD and non-PD cohorts, and vertebral fractures demonstrated the strongest association with PD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Comparing the Incidence of Falls/Fractures in Parkinson’s Disease Patients in the US Population

et al. 2016

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Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) may experience falls and/or fractures as a result of disease symptoms. There are limited data available from long-term studies estimating the incidence of falls/fractures in patients with PD. The objective was to compare the incidence rate of falls/fractures in PD patients with non-PD patients in a US population. This was a retrospective study using a US-based claims database (Truven Health MarketScan®) that compared the incidence rate of falls/fractures in PD subjects with non-PD subjects. The study period included the 12 months prior to index date (defined as earliest PD diagnosis [International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 332.0]) and a postindex period to the end of data availability. Fractures were defined by inpatient/outpatient claims as a principal or secondary diagnosis and accompanying procedure codes during the postindex period. Incidence rates and 95% CIs for falls/fractures were calculated as the number of events per 10,000 person-years of follow-up using negative binomial or Poisson regression models. Twenty-eight thousand two hundred and eighty PD subjects were matched to non-PD subjects for the analysis (mean [SD] age, 71.4 [11.8] years; 53% male). A higher incidence rate (adjusted for comorbidities and medications) of all fall/fracture cases and by fall and fracture types was observed for PD subjects versus non-PD subjects; the overall adjusted incidence rate ratio comparing PD to non-PD subjects was 2.05; 95% CI, 1.88–2.24. The incidence rate of falls/fractures was significantly higher in subjects with PD compared with non-PD subjects in a US population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Comparing the Incidence of Falls/Fractures in Parkinson’s Disease Patients in the US Population

et al. 2016

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“…Another theory brought forth by Invernizzi is that the pathology of PD involves long-standing vitamin D deficiency with motor and non-motor complications influencing life style changes that negatively influence bone health [9]. Additionally, elevated homocysteine levels due to high-dose levodopa treatment have been implicated in increasing the risk for low BMD, as well as other health conditions [12,13]. Though reduced BMD is usually associated with older age, young PD patients with long disease duration have also been considered at an increased risk [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in Male Patients with Parkinson's Disease

Daniel

Lansang

Okun

2012

International Journal of Neuroscience

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Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are at risk for osteoporosis. We aimed to compare male PD subjects with short disease duration (less than 5 years) to those with longer disease duration (5 to 10 years) in bone health characteristics and in bone mineral density (BMD). This current case series included male idiopathic PD patients ages 18-90 at an outpatient academic center. Outcome measures were bone mineral density and the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Motor Section (UPDRS III). Thirty-six PD patients received DEXA scans. Seventy-two percent had osteopenia or osteoporosis in at least one bone site. Reduced BMD was observed in 58.8% of the 0-5 years PD group, and in 84.2% of the 5-10 years PD group. There was no difference in the spine BMD between the 0 to 5 years and the 5 to 10 years PD groups, and no difference in femoral neck BMD between PD disease duration groups. There were no differences in UPDRS Part III scores between 0 to 5 years and the 5 to 10 years groups. Prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was high in male PD subjects regardless of disease duration. Bone-health promoting/screening behaviors were found to be low. As PD patients are prone to falls, fractures, and associated comorbidities, more research should be performed to determine if a screening regimen is appropriate.

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“…Among all individuals with hip/pelvic fracture, those with Parkinson disease had a greater risk of death (adjusted [5][6][7] , little is known about the factors associated with the post-hip fracture mortality of these individuals. Similar to what has been found in the general population, men with Parkinson disease demonstrated a higher risk of death than women.…”

Section: Association Of Mortality With Medical Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While dopaminergic therapy improves tremor and rigidity, symptoms such as bradykinesia, freezing when walking, and impaired balance may remain, resulting in an increased risk of falls and injury 4,5 . People with Parkinson disease are particularly susceptible to hip fractures [5][6][7] , with a 3.2-fold greater risk compared with the risk for people without Parkinson disease 8 . In addition to gait disturbances and postural instability, other factors such as postural hypotension, decreased bone mineral density 9,10 , low vitamin-D levels 11,12 , dementia 8 , medications 5 , and advanced age 8 further increase the fracture risk for people with Parkinson disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%