Parkinson&amp;rsquo;s disease-associated melanin steal

Hinz, Marty; Stein, Alvin; Cole, Ted

doi:10.2147/ndt.s74952

“… 10 , 11 , 43 , 58 As previously documented, the optimal adult L-cysteine daily dosing value is 4,500 mg per day in divided doses. 9 , 51 , 52 , 55 Due to toxicity of methyl mercury to central nervous system, selenium 400 µg per day is added. 74 – 76 If the leading PD post-synaptic damage cause is neurotoxins and glutathione is the most powerful protective mechanism, then administrating adequate glutathione precursors at proper levels will positively impact the clinical course.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On/off effect has puzzled medicine for years; proper management with L-tyrosine under the melanin-steal model has been documented as a simple and safe laboratory guided method to reverse this effect. 51 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 5 Melanin steal, which has been documented and discussed in the “Other impacts” section, induces dopamine fluctuations that represent an L-dopa and L-tyrosine RND. 51 L-dopa induces a glutathione precursor RND. 36 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was documented that dopamine fluctuations have a direct correlation with PD clinical symptom fluctuations and on/off effect. 51 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To compensate for this imbalance and the ensuing nausea, standard medical care administers another drug, carbidopa, with all its inherent undesirable consequences. 5 , 8 , 10 , 11 , 49 , 51 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parkinson’s disease managing reversible neurodegeneration

Hinz¹,

Stein²,

Cole³

et al. 2016

NDT

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Traditionally, the Parkinson’s disease (PD) symptom course has been classified as an irreversible progressive neurodegenerative disease. This paper documents 29 PD and treatment-induced systemic depletion etiologies which cause and/or exacerbate the seven novel primary relative nutritional deficiencies associated with PD. These reversible relative nutritional deficiencies (RNDs) may facilitate and accelerate irreversible progressive neurodegeneration, while other reversible RNDs may induce previously undocumented reversible pseudo-neurodegeneration that is hiding in plain sight since the symptoms are identical to the symptoms being experienced by the PD patient. Documented herein is a novel nutritional approach for reversible processes management which may slow or halt irreversible progressive neurodegenerative disease and correct reversible RNDs whose symptoms are identical to the patient’s PD symptoms.

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Development of dual enzyme responsive molecular AND logic gate

2021

Turk J Chem

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Molecular logic gates are information processing devices that can respond to environmental signals and produce a readable output in response through Boolean logic operations. Molecules with these properties have been used to build smart sensors and therapeutic agents. In this work, dual enzyme-responsive molecular AND logic gate is developed with the intention to discriminate various combinations of enzyme level and/or activity. A resorufin-based sensor is substituted with self-immolative tyrosinase recognition site, 3-hydroxy benzyl group. The Hydroxyl group is protected with acetyl moiety which decreases the affinity of the enzyme. When both tyrosinase and esterase are present in the solution, the acetyl group is removed by the latter enzyme, allowing the former to recognise the ligand. Oxidation of the ligand by tyrosinase triggers self-immolative cleavage of the substitution, leading to almost 70 fold enhancement in fluorescence. When single enzyme is applied, there is no significant change in the emission intensity overall, an AND logic gate is constructed. Selectivity and Michaelis-Menten kinetics of the sensor is analysed. Smart molecular probes can contribute to the research on the development of biosensors that can discriminate diseases having characteristic combinations of enzyme activities.

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Development of dual enzyme responsive molecular AND logic gate

ÇAKMAK¹

2022

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

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Molecular logic gates are information processing devices that can respond to environmental signals and produce a readable output in response through Boolean logic operations. Molecules with these properties have been used to build smart sensors and therapeutic agents. In this work, dual enzyme-responsive molecular AND logic gate is developed with the intention to discriminate various combinations of enzyme level and/or activity. A resorufin-based sensor is substituted with self-immolative tyrosinase recognition site, 3-hydroxy benzyl group. The Hydroxyl group is protected with acetyl moiety which decreases the affinity of the enzyme. When both tyrosinase and esterase are present in the solution, the acetyl group is removed by the latter enzyme, allowing the former to recognise the ligand. Oxidation of the ligand by tyrosinase triggers self-immolative cleavage of the substitution, leading to almost 70 fold enhancement in fluorescence. When single enzyme is applied, there is no significant change in the emission intensity overall, an AND logic gate is constructed. Selectivity and Michaelis-Menten kinetics of the sensor is analysed. Smart molecular probes can contribute to the research on the development of biosensors that can discriminate diseases having characteristic combinations of enzyme activities.

show abstract

Parkinson’s disease-associated melanin steal

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

Parkinson’s disease managing reversible neurodegeneration

Parkinson’s disease managing reversible neurodegeneration

Development of dual enzyme responsive molecular AND logic gate

Development of dual enzyme responsive molecular AND logic gate

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Parkinson&rsquo;s disease-associated melanin steal

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

Parkinson&rsquo;s disease managing reversible neurodegeneration

Parkinson&rsquo;s disease managing reversible neurodegeneration

Development of dual enzyme responsive molecular AND logic gate

Development of dual enzyme responsive molecular AND logic gate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Parkinson’s disease-associated melanin steal

Parkinson’s disease managing reversible neurodegeneration

Parkinson’s disease managing reversible neurodegeneration