Parkinson-ALS with a novel MAPT variant

Abstract

The mutations on microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) gene manifest clinically with behavioural frontotemporal dementia (FTD), parkinsonism, such as progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration, and rarely with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). FTD-parkinsonism and FTD-ALS are clinical overlaps included in the spectrum of MAPT mutation’s phenotypes. The mutations on MAPT gene cause the dysfunction of tau protein determining its accumulation in neurofibrillary tangles. Recent data describe frequently the co-occurrence of the aggregation of tau protein and α-synuclein in patients with parkinsonism and Parkinson disease (PD), suggesting an interaction of the two proteins in determining neurodegenerative process. The sporadic description of PD-ALS clinical complex, known as Brait–Fahn–Schwarz disease, supports the hypothesis of common neuropathological pathways between different disorders. Here we report the case of a 54-year-old Italian woman with idiopathic PD later complicated by ALS carrying a novel MAPT variant (Pro494Leu). The variant is characterized by an amino acid substitution and is classified as damaging for MAPT functions. The case supports the hypothesis of tau dysfunction as the basis of multiple neurodegenerative disorders.