Parking Occupancy Detection using Thermal Camera

Abstract

Parking a vehicle is a daunting task during peak hours. The search for a parking space leads to congestion and increased air pollution. Information of a vacant parking space would facilitate to reduce congestion and subsequent air pollution. This paper aims to identify parking occupancy in an open parking lot which consists of free parking spaces using a thermal camera. A thermal camera is capable of detecting vehicles in any weather and light conditions based on emitted heat and it can also be installed in public places with less restrictions. However, a thermal camera is expensive compared to a colour camera. A thermal camera can detect vehicles based on the emitted heat without any illumination. Vehicles appear bright or dark based on heat emitted by the vehicles. In order to identify vehicles, pre-trained vehicle detection algorithms, Histogram of Oriented Gradient detectors, Faster Regional Convolutional Neural Network (FRCNN) and modified Faster RCNN deep learning networks were implemented in this paper. The detection rates of the detectors reduced with diminishing of heat in the vehicles. Modified Faster RCNN deep learning network produced better detection results compared to other detectors. However, the detection rates can further be improved with larger and diverse training dataset.

Drivers’ Subjective Assessment of the Ease of Finding a Vacant Parking Space in an Area Equipped with Vehicle Detection Devices

“…All of these parking space features were integrated to form a vector that is classified based on the support-vector machine (SVM) classifier. The work [42] presents the use of a thermal imaging camera and the implemented pre-trained vehicle detection algorithms, histogram of oriented gradient detectors, faster regional convolutional neural network (FRCNN), and modified faster RCNN deep learning networks.…”