Parkin and Parkinson’s Disease

Tay, Shiam-Peng; Lim, Grace; Yeo, Calvin W.S.; Lim, Kah‐Leong

doi:10.5772/16990

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…A logical and popular hypothesis that ensued is that loss of parkin function could lead to a toxic accumulation of one or several of its substrates, thereby leading to neurodegeneration. This has led to intense effort by many laboratories around the world to identify the substrate(s) involved, with no less than 25 substrates (or putative substrates) of parkin being identified to date [ 113 ]. Like the situation with LRRK2 substrates, the authenticity of several of the reported parkin substrates remains questionable.…”

Section: Autosomal Recessive Pd-linked Genes and Their Relevance To Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Insights into Sporadic Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis

Chai

Lim

2014

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Intensive research over the last 15 years has led to the identification of several autosomal recessive and dominant genes that cause familial Parkinson’s disease (PD). Importantly, the functional characterization of these genes has shed considerable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the etiology and pathogenesis of PD. Collectively; these studies implicate aberrant protein and mitochondrial homeostasis as key contributors to the development of PD, with oxidative stress likely acting as an important nexus between the two pathogenic events. Interestingly, recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed variations in at least two of the identified familial PD genes (i.e. α-synuclein and LRRK2) as significant risk factors for the development of sporadic PD. At the same time, the studies also uncovered variability in novel alleles that is associated with increased risk for the disease. Additionally, in-silico meta-analyses of GWAS data have allowed major steps into the investigation of the roles of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in sporadic PD. The emergent picture from the progress made thus far is that the etiology of sporadic PD is multi-factorial and presumably involves a complex interplay between a multitude of gene networks and the environment. Nonetheless, the biochemical pathways underlying familial and sporadic forms of PD are likely to be shared.

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Section: Autosomal Recessive Pd-linked Genes and Their Relevance To Smentioning

confidence: 99%