Parked cars as a service delivery platform

Cogill, Randall; Gallay, Olivier; Griggs, Wynita M.; Lee, Chungmok; Nabi, Zubair; Ordoñez, Rodrigo Pizarro; Rufli, Martin; Shorten, Robert; Tchrakian, Tigran; Verago, Rudi; Wirth, Fabian; Zhuk, Sergiy

doi:10.1109/iccve.2014.7297530

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Section II-A first discusses the existing studies on task mapping, and the works on trust evaluation in the vehicular VOLUME 4, 2016 The capability of the computational and storage resources of vehicles has increasingly gained attention in the recent years [22]- [26], where several studies have uncovered the potential of idle vehicle resources for the purpose of content distribution [9], [27]- [33]. Realizing the promising future of smart vehicles, various vehicle clustering algorithms have been proposed to harness its potential in the areas of vehicular routing or vehicle resources.…”

Section: Background Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Off-Street Vehicular Fog for Catering Applications in 5G/B5G: A Trust-Based Task Mapping Solution and Open Research Issues

Rahman

Newaz

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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One of the key enablers in serving the applications requiring stringent latency in 5G networks is fog computing as it is situated closer to the end users. With the technological advancement of vehicles' on-board units, their computing capabilities are becoming robust, and considering the underutilization of the off-street vehicles, we envision that the off-street vehicles can be an enormously useful computational source for the fog computing. Additionally, clustering the vehicles would be advantageous in order to improve the service availability. As the vehicles become highly connected, trust is needed especially in distributed environments. However, vehicles are made from different manufacturers, and have different platforms, security mechanisms, and varying parking duration. These lead to the unpredictable behavior of the vehicles where quantifying trust value of vehicles would be difficult. A trust-based solution is necessary for task mapping as a task has a set of properties including expected time to complete, and trust requirements that need to be met. However, the existing metrics used for trust evaluation in the vehicular fog computing such as velocity and direction are not applicable in the off-street vehicle fog environments. In this paper, we propose a framework for quantifying the trust value of off-street vehicle fog computing facilities in 5G networks and forming logical clusters of vehicles based on the trust values. This allows tasks to be shared with multiple vehicles in the same cluster that meets the tasks' trust requirements. Further, we propose a novel task mapping algorithm to increase the vehicle resource utilization and meet the desired trust requirements while maintaining imposed latency requirements of 5G applications. Results obtained using iFogSim simulator demonstrate that the proposed solution increases vehicle resource utilization and reduces task drop noticeably. This paper presents open research issues pertaining to the study to lead the way for future research directions.

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Section: Background Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Off-Street Vehicular Fog for Catering Applications in 5G/B5G: A Trust-Based Task Mapping Solution and Open Research Issues

Rahman

Newaz

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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“…Particularly, we might consider the network of parked cars as a service delivery platform [2] that hosts a whole range of applications, from gas detection, to the application that is presently considered in this short note. Namely, we want to utilise vehicles that are parked for extended periods of time in dense, urban areas to detect and track moving, missing objects using RFID technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of missing entities using parked cars

Verago

Naoum-Sawaya

Griggs

et al. 2015

2015 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE)

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“…Moreover, parked vehicles may collectively act as a WiFi VANET, a form of vehicular communication where the vehicles serve as WiFi access points (repeaters) to extend the connectivity of providing Internet access to nearby vehicles or users equipped with mobile phones, laptops, etc. [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was estimated that there would be approximately one billion vehicles in 2020 [19]. Another study found that on average 95% of time a vehicle remains in parking position [11]. Using the underutilized vehicles' computing facilities, it is possible to reduce the requirement of the dedicated resources for Fog computing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating TCP performance of routing protocols for traffic exchange in street-parked vehicles based fog computing infrastructure

et al. 2020

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As most vehicles remain parked 95% of its time, this suggests that leveraging the use of On-board Units (OBUs) in parked vehicles would provide communication and computation services to other mobile and fixed nodes for delivery of services such as multimedia streaming, data storage and data processing. The nearby vehicles can form an infrastructure using IEEE 802.11p communication interface, facilitating communication, computation and storage services to the end users. We refer to this as a Vehicular Fog Computing (VFC) infrastructure. In this study, using NS-2 simulator, we investigate how six routing protocols consisting of two proactive routing protocols, Destination Sequence Destination Vector (DSDV) and Fisheye State Routing (FSR); two reactive routing protocols, Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR); and two geographic routing protocols, Distance Routing Effect Algorithm for Mobility (DREAM) and Location Aided Routing (LAR) perform when forwarding TCP traffic among the parked vehicles that form a VFC infrastructure in an urban street parking scenario. In order to reflect an urban street parking scenario, we consider a traffic mobility traces that are generated using SUMO in our simulation. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first effort to understand how vehicle density, vehicle speed and parking duration can influence TCP in an urban street parking scenario when packet forwarding decision is made using proactive, reactive and geographic routing protocols. In our performance evaluation, positive results are observed on the influence of parking duration in parked vehicles as TCP performance in all routing protocols increases with longer parking duration. However, variable speed in parked vehicles and moving vehicles in an urban street parking scenario may not have significant influence on TCP performance, especially in case of reactive and proactive routing protocols. Further, our findings reveal that vehicle density in a VFC infrastructure can noticeably influence TCP performance. Towards the end of the paper, we delineate some important future research issues in order to improve routing performance in a street-parked vehicle based VFC infrastructure.

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Parked cars as a service delivery platform

Cited by 23 publications

References 11 publications

Off-Street Vehicular Fog for Catering Applications in 5G/B5G: A Trust-Based Task Mapping Solution and Open Research Issues

Off-Street Vehicular Fog for Catering Applications in 5G/B5G: A Trust-Based Task Mapping Solution and Open Research Issues

Localization of missing entities using parked cars

Evaluating TCP performance of routing protocols for traffic exchange in street-parked vehicles based fog computing infrastructure

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