Parity is associated with axillary nodal involvement in operable breast cancer

Orr, Richard K.; Fraher, Kathleen M.

doi:10.1007/bf00666493

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The fi nding that high parity is associated with ALNI is in accordance with three previous studies [6][7][8] . Wohlfahrt et al [9] found in a large Danish cohort that low parity increases risk of ALNI.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…It is possible to hypothesise that this could promote tumour growth and, hence, increase the frequency of ALNI. Others have suggested that pregnancy induces changes in levels of female sex hormones, which may in turn affect tumour progression and the occurrence of ALNI [7] . This study does not include information in order to confi rm or reject these hypotheses, and these issues will need future attention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parity in Relation to Risk of Axillary Lymph Node Involvement in Women with Breast Cancer

Manjer

Balldin²,

Zackrisson³

et al. 2005

Eur Surg Res

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Objective: To investigate the association between parity and axillary lymph node involvement (ALNI) at breast cancer diagnosis. Methods: One surgeon has reviewed all breast cancer cases in Malmö, Sweden, diagnosed 1961–1991. This study includes the 3,472 women who had a first-time diagnosis of unilateral invasive breast cancer, and who had undergone axillary dissection. Information was collected regarding date of birth, date of diagnosis, age at diagnosis, menopausal status, tumour size, histological type, tumour location, type of surgery, stage (ALNI), and parity. Parity was investigated in relation to ALNI using logistic regression analysis, adjusted for potential confounders, yielding odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The analyses were repeated in different strata with regard to birth-years cohort, age at diagnosis, and period of diagnosis. Results: High parity was associated with ALNI, the adjusted OR for ALNI among women with 4 or more children was 1.56 (1.13–2.15). This association was stronger in comparatively old women (≧67.45 years), OR 1.78 (1.10–2.88). Considering parity a continuous variable, the OR for ALNI among all women was 1.06 (1.01–1.12). Conclusions: We conclude that women with 4 or more children had an increased risk of ALNI at breast cancer diagnosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parity in Relation to Risk of Axillary Lymph Node Involvement in Women with Breast Cancer

Manjer

Balldin²,

Zackrisson³

et al. 2005

Eur Surg Res

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“…Our study suggests that the postponement of motherhood might have a beneficial effect on overall breast cancer prognosis. Studies on overall parity as a prognostic factor have been contradictory (von Papatestas et al, 1980;Palmer et al, 1982;Black et al, 1983;Wang et al, 1985;Mohle-Boetani et al, 1988; Lees et al, 1989;Mason et al, 1990;Lehrer et al, 1992;Guinee et al, 1994;Korzeniowski and Dyba, 1994;Orr and Fraher, 1995;Schoultz et al, 1995). We have previously found that pregnancy within 2 years before a diagnosis of breast cancer was associated with reduced survival (Kroman et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parity, age at first childbirth and the prognosis of primary breast cancer

Kroman

Wohlfahrt²,

Andersen³

et al. 1998

Br J Cancer

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Summary Reproductive factors are known to be aetiologically important in breast cancer, but less is known regarding their effect on breast cancer prognosis. We have investigated the prognostic effect of age at first birth and total parity using data from the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group that, since 1977, has collected population-based information on tumour characteristics, treatment regimes and follow-up status on Danish women with breast cancer. Details of pregnancy history were added from the Danish Civil Registration System and the National Birth Registry. Included in the study were 10 703 women with primary breast cancer. After adjusting for age and stage of disease (tumour size, axillary nodal status and histological grading), the number of full-term pregnancies was found without prognostic value. However, women with primary childbirth between 20 and 29 years experienced a significantly reduced risk of death compared with women with primary childbirth below the age of 20 years [20-24 years: relative risk (RR) = 0.88, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 0.78-0.99; 25-29 years: RR = 0.80, 95% Cl 0.70-0.91]. Further adjustment for oestrogen receptor status did not influence these results. The effect was not modified by age at diagnosis, tumour size or nodal status. In conclusion, low age at first childbirth, but not parity, was associated with a poor prognosis of breast cancer. We speculate whether women who develop breast cancer despite an early first full-term pregnancy might represent a selected group with a more malignant disease.

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