Parity and prognosis in breast cancer

Papatestas, Angelos E.; Mulvihill, Michael; Josi, Catherine; Ioannovich, John; Lesnick, Gerson; Aufses, Arthur H.

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19800101)45:1<191::aid-cncr2820450130>3.0.co;2-6

Cited by 45 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…When all histologies were combined, there was a decreased risk of breast cancer-specific mortality similar in magnitude to previous studies [20,4]. Anderson et al [4] found an increased 10-year survival rate in their participants who had ever experienced childbirth compared to nulliparous women (92% survival vs. 76%; P =0.002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Reproductive factors and histologic subtype in relation to mortality after a breast cancer diagnosis

Andersen

Newcomb

Hampton

et al. 2011

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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Evidence suggests that certain reproductive factors are more strongly associated with the incidence of lobular than of ductal breast cancer. The mechanisms influencing breast cancer incidence histology may also affect survival. Women with invasive breast cancer (N = 22,302) diagnosed during 1986–2005 were enrolled in a series of population-based studies in three US states. Participants completed telephone interviews regarding reproductive exposures and other breast cancer risk factors. Histologic subtype was obtained from state cancer registries. Vital status and cause of death were determined through December 2006 using the National Death Index. Women were followed for 9.8 years on average with 3,050 breast cancer deaths documented. Adjusted hazard rate ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models for breast cancer-specific and all-cause mortality. Parity was inversely associated with breast cancer-specific mortality (PTrend = 0.002). Associations were similar though attenuated for all-cause mortality. In women diagnosed with ductal breast cancer, a 15% reduction in breast cancer-specific mortality was observed in women with five or more children when compared to those with no children (HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73–1.00). A similar inverse though non-significant association was observed in women with lobular subtype (HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.43–1.14). The trend did not extend to mixed ductal–lobular breast cancer. Age at first birth had no consistent relationship with breast cancer-specific or all-cause mortality. We found increasing parity reduced mortality in ductal and lobular breast cancer. The number of full-term births, rather than age at first birth, has an effect on both breast cancer-specific and overall mortality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Reproductive factors and histologic subtype in relation to mortality after a breast cancer diagnosis

Andersen

Newcomb

Hampton

et al. 2011

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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“…This finding is puzzling since the effect is directly opposite to the protective influence of early delivery on breast cancer incidence (Kelsey & Hildreth, 1983). Morrison et al (1972), did not find any relationship between age at delivery and survival and the results of other, smaller studies of parity and prognosis have produced conflicting results (Papatestas et al, 1980;Black et al, 1983). Contrary to the suggestion of Daniel (1980) cigarette use was not related to prognosis in our patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Body size and survival in premenopausal breast cancer

Greenberg¹,

Vessey²,

McPherson³

et al. 1985

Br J Cancer

127

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In 1968, our group began a case-control study of oral contraceptive use in young women with breast cancer (Vessey et al., 1972). During the course of the study, data were obtained from each woman about height and usual weight and about a number of characteristics known to be associated with breast cancer risk. We have subsequently determined the survival experience of these women. In this report, we describe our findings on the prognostic importance of body size in premenopausal breast cancer. We have also explored possible relationships between survival probability and various other risk factors, and these results are given here as well. MethodsThe 582 patients included in the analysis were enrolled in the case-control study between December 1968 and August 1977. At the time of enrolment they were married (or had been married in the past), aged up to 50 years, and receiving treatment at one or other of 6 London hospitals for newly diagnosed and histologically proven breast cancer. A trained medical social worker or nurse interviewed each patient about her medical, social, obstetric, menstrual and contraceptive history. The case notes of patients were examined (usually by MPV) and clinical information was abstracted to permit assignment of the tumour to a clinical stage according to the TNM system (International Union

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“…However, several early studies suggested that factors influencing cancer incidence might also affect subsequent survival (6)(7)(8). With breast cancer, for example, higher total energy and polyunsaturated fat intakes, risk factors of mammary tumors, are also associated with a poor prognosis (6); nulliparous women, at elevated risk of breast cancer, also have a significantly lowered cumulative five-year diseasefree survival rate compared with parous individuals (7). In terms of gastric cancer, Fontana's study suggested that low socioeconomic status was a poor prognostic factor and was also associated with a high risk (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary, Drinking, and Smoking Habits on the Prognosis of Gastric Cancer

Huang¹,

Tajima²,

Hamajima³

et al. 2000

Nutrition and Cancer

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Although it has been clarified that dietary, drinking, and smoking habits contribute to the onset of gastric cancer, little is known about their impact on prognosis of gastric cancer. To examine this question, a prognostic analysis was conducted using data from Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute and Hospital. From January 1988 to December 1994, information on 877 gastric cancer patients (578 men and 299 women) regarding habitual smoking and drinking, food consumption, histological grade, and clinical stage of tumor as well as follow-up results were collected. Survival status of all patients was followed up until December 1998, and the survival function was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Proportional hazard analysis was used to test the effect of each lifestyle item on gastric cancer death. After controlling for age, gender, histological grade, and stage of disease, hazard ratios (HR) were calculated. Values for consumption of raw vegetables [HR = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.56-0.98], tofu (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.42-0.99), and chicken meat (HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.39-0.95) more than three times per week demonstrated significantly decreased risk. However, the risk ratio was 2.53 (95% CI = 1.22-5.29) for habitual smokers, and an inverse dose-response relationship was also found between ever smoking and gastric cancer patient survival. Therefore, this study suggested that frequent intake of raw vegetables and tofu is favorable, whereas habitual smoking is an adverse prognostic factor for gastric cancer. Our study implies that an improvement of survival of Japanese gastric cancer might be achieved by lifestyle improvement.

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Parity and prognosis in breast cancer

Cited by 45 publications

References 9 publications

Reproductive factors and histologic subtype in relation to mortality after a breast cancer diagnosis

Reproductive factors and histologic subtype in relation to mortality after a breast cancer diagnosis

Body size and survival in premenopausal breast cancer

Effects of Dietary, Drinking, and Smoking Habits on the Prognosis of Gastric Cancer

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