Parity and breastfeeding are preventive measures against breast cancer in Iranian women

Nutritional status and dietary intake play a significant role in the prognosis of breast cancer and may modify the progression of disease. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of nutritional status on the quality of life of Iranian breast cancer survivors. Cross-sectional data were collected for 100 Iranian breast cancer survivors, aged 32 to 61 years, attending the oncology outpatient clinic at Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. Nutritional status of subjects was assessed by anthropometric measurements, Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and three non-consecutive 24-hour diet recalls. The European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life form (EORTC QLQ-C30) was used to assess quality of life. Ninety-four percent of the survivors were well-nourished, 6% were moderately malnourished or suspected of being malnourished while none were severely malnourished. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 86%. Overall, participants had an inadequate intake of vitamin D, E, iron and magnesium according to dietary reference intake (DRI) recommendations. Survivors with better nutritional status had better functioning scales and experienced fewer clinical symptoms. It appears important to provide educational and nutritional screening programs to improve cancer survivor quality of life.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Nutritional Status with Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors

Mohammadi¹,

Sulaiman²,

Koon³

et al. 2013

“…In this study the sensitivity and specificity of mammography reports estimated 73% and 45% and in ultrasonography was 69% and 49%, respectively. As is shown in table 2, these indices varied in different studies (Ciatto et al, 1994;Kacl et al, 1998;Malur et al, 2000;Berg et al, 2008;Prasad et al, 2007;Devolli-Disha et al, 2009;Akbari et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Moreover parity and breastfeeding possibly reduce ovulatory cycle with estrogen secretion and increase prolactin production which might decrease women's cumulative exposure to estrogen as a proliferative hormone in breast tissue ( Akbari et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammography and Ultrasonography Reports Compared with Tissue Diagnosis - An Evidence Based Study in Iran, 2010

Akbari

Haghighatkhah²,

Shafiee³

et al. 2012

Self Cite

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and the fifth cause of cancer death in Iranian women. Early detection and treatment are important for appropriate management of this disease. Mammography and ultrasonography are used for screening and evaluation of symptomatic cases and the main diagnostic test for breast cancer is pathological. In this study we evaluated mammography and ultrasonography as diagnostic tools. Methods: In this cross-sectional study 384 mammography and ultrasonography reports for 255 women were assessed, divided into benign and malignant groups. Suspected cases were referred for pathology evaluation. The radiologic and pathologic reports were compared and also comparison was performed based on age groups (more and less than 50 years old), history of breastfeeding and gravidity. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS. Results: The mean ages of malignant and benign cases were 49±11.6 and 43±11.2 years, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for mammography were 73% and 45%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for ultrasonography were 69% and 49%, respectively. There were statistical differences between specificity of mammography in patients based on factors such as history of gravidity, breastfeeding and sensitivity in patients equal or more than 50 years old and less. Conclusion: Factors affecting different results in mammography and ultrasonography reports were classified into three groups, consisting of skill, experience and training of medical staff, and setting of instruments. It is recommended that health managers in developing countries pay attention the quality of setting and man power more than current status. Policy-makers and managers must establish guidelines regarding breast imaging in Iran.

“…Considering all breast cancer risk factors and their categories to be found in the literature, study variables included age, family history of breast cancer in the first or second degree relatives, number of pregnancies and the age of the first full-term pregnancy (younger or older than 35), age at menarche (younger or older than 12), age at menopause (younger or older than 50), history of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (less or more than six months), history of oral contraceptive pills (OCP) use (more than six months), lactation period (less or more than six months) (Akbari et al, 2011;Parkin, 2011) and breast feeding problems. The latter was explained as having any of these problems that led to discontinue breast feeding: i) Mothers' unwillingness to start or continue breast feeding; ii) Mother's milk not enough for the baby; iii) Breast disorders including; iv) Breast engorgement: Breasts that are too full can prevent the baby from suckling because they cannot be grasped; v) Sore nipples: Transient soreness can occur during the first week postpartum and is usually temporary; vi) Infection: Soreness and inflammation on the breast surface or a fever in the mother may be an indication of breast infection (mastitis).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do the Different Reasons for Lactation Discontinuation Have Similar Impact on Future Breast Problems?

Ghadiri

Iranpour²,

Yunesian³

et al. 2013

Background: Breast feeding is considered to be mutually beneficial for both mothers and infants, though the effect of lactation problems on development of breast lesions (whether benign or malignant) is not clear. Objectives: This study was conducted to identify possible relations between lactation problems and benign and malignant breast disease. Materials and Methods: 308 patients referred to two referral breast clinics in Tehran, the capital city of IR Iran, between January 2008 and January 2011, were recruited. They were interviewed by a standard questionnaire regarding breast feeding problems. The study population was classified in 3 major groups; breast feeding without any problem, unwillingness to breast feed according to whether mothers' preference not to feed or some breast problems like mastitis, and finally insufficient milk that caused the mothers to feed their babies with formula. Results: Recruiting binary logistic regression method, mother's unwillingness to feed her child by breast milk, and also breast problems such as mastitis and abscess during lactation period showed significant relation with both benign and malignant breast diseases (p value<0.01). Surprisingly, inadequate milk was not associated with any of these conditions. Conclusions: We concluded that lactation problems which involve normal milk drainage from the breast may play an important role in whether the mother wll subsequently develope both benign and malignant pathologies. In contrast in the situation that the production of the milk is not sufficient and there are no intentional or unintentional problems in drainage of the produced milk, future problems would not be more common.