Parietal area 5 neuronal activity encodes movement kinematics, not movement dynamics

Kalaska, John; Cohen, Dana; Prud’homme, M.; Hyde, M. L.

doi:10.1007/bf00228162

Cited by 382 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The elderly also exhibited additional activation in the left S2, left supramarginal gyrus, and right precuneus, consistent with previous results comparing the activation of old versus young subjects during various simple motor tasks (Hutchinson et al, 2002;Mattay et al, 2002;Ward and Frackowiak, 2003). These areas are known to be involved in the integration of somatosensory information to guide motor actions (Cavada and Goldman-Rakic, 1989;Kalaska et al, 1990;Ashe and Georgopoulos, 1994;Ferraina and Bianchi, 1994;Huttunen et al, 1996;Scott et al, 1997;Rizzolatti et al, 1998). Additionally, they seem to be related to the attentional effort required by a specific motor skill (Hari et al, 1990;Garcia-Larrea et al, 1991;Mima et al, 1998;Lam et al, 1999).…”

Section: Additional Brain Activation In the Elderly During Both Isolasupporting

confidence: 89%

Neural Basis of Aging: The Penetration of Cognition into Action Control

Heuninckx

Wenderoth²,

Debaere³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

398

319

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Although functional imaging studies have frequently examined age-related changes in neural recruitment during cognitive tasks, much less is known about such changes during motor performance. In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate age-related changes in cyclical hand and/or foot movements across different degrees of complexity. Right-handed volunteers (11 young, 10 old) were scanned while performing isolated flexion-extension movements of the right wrist and foot as well as their coordination, according to the "easy" isodirectional and "difficult" nonisodirectional mode. Findings revealed activation of a typical motor network in both age groups, but several additional brain areas were involved in the elderly. Regardless of the performed motor task, the elderly exhibited additional activation in areas involved in sensory processing and integration, such as contralateral anterior insula, frontal operculum, superior temporal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, secondary somatosensory area, and ipsilateral precuneus. Age-related activation differences during coordination of both segments were additionally observed in areas reflecting increased cognitive monitoring of motor performance, such as the pre-supplementary motor area, pre-dorsal premotor area, rostral cingulate, and prefrontal cortex. In the most complex coordination task, the elderly exhibited additional activation in anterior rostral cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, known to be involved in suppression of prepotent response tendencies and inhibitory cognitive control. Overall, these findings are indicative of an age-related shift along the continuum from automatic to more controlled processing of movement. This increased cognitive monitoring of movement refers to enhanced attentional deployment, more pronounced processing of sensory information, and intersensory integration.

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Section: Additional Brain Activation In the Elderly During Both Isolasupporting

confidence: 89%

Neural Basis of Aging: The Penetration of Cognition into Action Control

Heuninckx

Wenderoth²,

Debaere³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

398

319

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“…Neurons in areas PE and PF discharge at high rates when the animal projects his arm into the immediate extrapersonal space that surrounds him ("arm projection neurons") (25). In addition, it has been suggested that the kinematics (spatial parameters) of movement, but not its dynamics (forces required to produce movement), may be coded in the cortex of the superior parietal lobule (26). The present PET findings further demonstrate the involvement of these areas in imaginary spatiotemporal projections of the body as a whole in space, reflecting the internalized constraints of kinematic geometry (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of mental transformations of the body-in-space.

Bonda

Petrides

Frey

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

298

163

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Regional cerebral blood flow was measured with positron emission tomography in human subjects during the performance of a task requiring mental rotation of their hand and a perceptually equivalent control task that did not require such a process. Comparison of the distribution of cerebral activity between these conditions demonstrated significant blood flow increases in the superior parietal cortex, the intraparietal sulcus, and the adjacent rostralmost part of the inferior parietal lobule. These findings demonstrated that, in the human brain, there is a specific system of parietal areas that are involved in mental transformations of the body-inspace.Patients with lesions of the parietal region of the brain exhibit various disturbances of body knowledge (1-3). Large parietal lesions give rise to classical syndromes such as right-left disorientation (1-3) and autotopagnosia, a deficit in localizing body parts in relation to the whole body (4-6). These syndromes are most often associated with lesions of the left hemisphere. Similarly, epileptic manifestations that accompany parietal-lobe tumors can result in disturbances of the body image, such as absence or displacement of a part of the body, transformation of a limb into a mechanical object, the phantom appearance of a third limb, and the personification of a body part (3). These intriguing phenomena are assumed to result from an impairment in the "body schema" (1-3) that traditional neurological thinking ascribed to the posterior parietal cortex (7).There is some evidence, based on single-cell recording studies with nonhuman primates, that neuronal activity in the cortex of the superior parietal lobule (area PE) and its rostrally adjacent cortex surrounding the anteriormost part of the intraparietal sulcus (area PF) codes the position and orientation of body parts in relation to each other (8, 9). We hypothesize that these areas, within the broader neural network in which they are embedded, are the essential components underlying body awareness.This neural system constantly receives information about changing states from the skin and the joints and builds, on this basis, a dynamic and plastic mental representation of the body-in-space. The body is thus placed in a continuous interactive relation with the external world. This dynamic interaction allows for the simulation of continuous spatiotemporal trajectories of body motion and specifies how one's future posture causally depends on one's current posture.

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“…Perhaps the most important original insight came from comparative studies of frontal motor areas and neurons in area 5 by Kalaska and co-workers (Crammond and Kalaska 1989;Kalaska and Crammond 1995;Kalaska et al 1983Kalaska et al , 1990 and Burbaud et al (1991), who demonstrated that neuronal activity in MI, PMd, and area 5 overlapped in time at the onset of reach and that area 5 neurons were directionally tuned during movements and postures. In addition, studies in deafferented monkeys by Seal et al (Seal and Commenges 1985;Seal et al 1982) indicated that area 5 neurons respond to reaching movements in the absence of somatosensory feedback.…”

Section: Neurons In Ppc Serve a Sensorimotor Rolementioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiology of Prehension. I. Posterior Parietal Cortex and Object-Oriented Hand Behaviors

Gardner

Babu²,

Reitzen³

et al. 2007

Journal of Neurophysiology

117

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of prehension. I. Posterior parietal cortex and object-oriented hand behaviors. J Neurophysiol 97: [387][388][389][390][391][392][393][394][395][396][397][398][399][400][401][402][403][404][405][406] 2007. First published September 13, 2006; doi:10.1152/jn.00558.2006. Hand manipulation neurons in areas 5 and 7b/anterior intraparietal area (AIP) of posterior parietal cortex were analyzed in three macaque monkeys during a trained prehension task. Digital video recordings of hand kinematics synchronized to neuronal spike trains were used to correlate firing rates of 128 neurons with hand actions as the animals grasped and lifted rectangular and round objects. We distinguished seven task stages: approach, contact, grasp, lift, hold, lower, and relax. Posterior parietal cortex (PPC) firing rates were highest during object acquisition; 88% of task-related area 5 neurons and 77% in AIP/7b fired maximally during stages 1, 2, or 3. Firing rates rose 200 -500 ms before contact, peaked at contact, and declined after grasp was secured. 83% of area 5 neurons and 72% in AIP/7b showed significant increases in mean rates during approach as the fingers were preshaped for grasp. Somatosensory signals at contact provided feedback concerning the accuracy of reach and helped guide the hand to grasp sites. In error trials, tactile information was used to abort grasp, or to initiate corrective actions to achieve task goals. Firing rates declined as lift began. 41% of area 5 neurons and 38% in AIP/7b were inhibited during holding, and returned to baseline when grasp was relaxed. Anatomical connections suggest that area 5 provides somesthetic information to circuits linking AIP/7b to frontal motor areas involved in grasping. Area 5 may also participate in sensorimotor transformations coordinating reach and grasp behaviors and provide on-line feedback needed for goal-directed hand movements.

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Parietal area 5 neuronal activity encodes movement kinematics, not movement dynamics

Cited by 382 publications

References 39 publications

Neural Basis of Aging: The Penetration of Cognition into Action Control

Neural Basis of Aging: The Penetration of Cognition into Action Control

Neural correlates of mental transformations of the body-in-space.

Neurophysiology of Prehension. I. Posterior Parietal Cortex and Object-Oriented Hand Behaviors

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