Pareto Frontier of the Arm Energy Ripple and the Conduction Losses of a Modular Multilevel Converter

López, Matı́as; Fehr, Hendrik; Pérez, Marcelo A.; Gensior, Albrecht

doi:10.3390/en14020392

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Therefore, even similar numerical optimization approaches (such as e.g. [8], [10], [11], [12]) cannot achieve the same reduction in required module capacitance as proposed in this paper.…”

Section: Table 1 MMC Parameters (Mvdc Case)mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The amplitude and phase of the injected harmonics are either determined analytically [4], [5], [6] or using offline optimizations [7], [8], [9], [10]. In some cases, the circulating current injection is also combined with additional harmonics in the CM voltage v cm at the grid side of the MMC [11], [12]. If only the DC or only the AC star-point have a connection to ground, this has no influence on the grid currents but decreases the amplitude of the required arm output voltage [3], [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Almost all listed references ([4], [5], [6], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12] to be precise) aim to decrease the fluctuation of the capacitor energy and do not consider the actually required capacitance value or the trajectories of the arm output voltage and the available arm voltage. An exception is the procedure described in [7], which aligns the peak of the available arm voltage with the peak of the required arm output voltage using a second harmonic circulating current.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reducing Losses and Energy Storage Requirements of Modular Multilevel Converters With Optimal Harmonic Injection

Fuchs¹,

Biela²

2023

IEEE Access

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Due to the single phase characteristic of the individual arms of the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) topology, the difference between the instantaneous AC and DC side power must be buffered in the module capacitors. This results in large module capacitors compromising the power density and cost of the MMC. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization scheme is formulated that aims at reducing the required module capacitance and the semiconductor losses at the same time. Further attention is paid to the maximum AC voltage amplitude or the maximum current. The optimization scheme is based on the injection of circulating current and AC common mode voltage harmonics. Unlike most existing optimization schemes it considers the actual trajectories of capacitor voltage and arm output voltage to maximize the savings in module capacitance and semiconductor losses. For an exemplary medium voltage MMC parameter set, capacitance value reductions of more than 50 % are achieved while the semiconductor losses decrease by 8-18 %. Based on a volume estimation for MMC modules, this results a volume reduction of up to 45 %.INDEX TERMS Modular multilevel converter (MMC), Energy storage requirements, optimal design, optimal control, modeling.

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“…Therefore, even similar numerical optimization approaches (such as e.g. [8], [10], [11], [12]) cannot achieve the same reduction in required module capacitance as proposed in this paper.…”

Section: Table 1 MMC Parameters (Mvdc Case)mentioning

confidence: 88%