Parents’ peer restriction in the United States and China: A longitudinal study of early adolescents.

Abstract

This research examined parents' restriction of children's peer relationships in the United States and China. American and Chinese children (N ϭ 934; M age ϭ 12.67 years) reported on their parents' peer restriction (e.g., limiting children's time with peers) and their behavioral and psychological adjustment 3 times over a year. Increments in parents' peer restriction predicted decrements in children's adjustment over time to a similar extent in the United States and China. However, decrements in children's adjustment predicted increments in parents' peer restriction over time to a greater extent in the United States (vs. China). Thus, it is possible that culture contributes to the socialization process involving parents' restriction of children's peer relationships but only via child-driven pathways.

Perceived maternal disapproval of friends: How mothers shape and respond to child and friend adjustment problems

“…We did not advance specific hypotheses about the adjustment consequences of maternal disapproval of friends. Clearly, parents intend for their efforts to mitigate child problem behaviors, but some studies find that they have the opposite effect (Keijsers et al, 2012;Xiong et al, 2020). Should mothers succeed in disrupting interactions with friends, then we would expect that the friends of their children would benefit; here too, we recognized the possibility of iatrogenic effects.…”

“…Another indicated that parent management of friendships was tied to increased delinquent activity (Mounts, 2001). Other studies indicate that friend disapproval and prohibition foster increases in delinquency (Tilton-Weaver and Galambos, 2003), behavior problems (Xiong et al, 2020), and defiance against parental rules (Vansteenkiste et al, 2014). Underscoring the "forbidden fruit" effect are results suggesting that parent-reported prohibition of friendships predicted heightened delinquent activity through increased contact with deviant peers (Keijsers et al, 2012).…”

Reciprocal relation between executive function and receptive vocabulary in Chinese preschoolers: Evidence from a two-year longitudinal study.

“…Third, developmental theory is typically concerned with within-person variability, and developmental processes are often assumed to occur within, rather than between, individuals; moreover, effects at the between-person level are suggested to differ from within-person effects (e.g., Berry & Willoughby, 2017; Hamaker et al, 2015; Xiong et al, 2020). However, the CLPM, a traditional model examining the direction of effects, has recently received increasing criticism for failing to separate between-person variance from within-person variance.…”