Parents' education and Pasifika children's oral health in Aotearoa/New Zealand: A national linked data study using Aotearoa/New Zealand's integrated data infrastructure

Abstract

ObjectivesA wide inequality in incidence and severity of childhood oral health conditions between Pasifika and non‐Pasifika in Aotearoa/New Zealand (Aotearoa/NZ) persists with some evidence that the gap is widening. To develop an evidence base for strengths‐based solutions, this study seeks to investigate the association between parental education and detected oral health conditions in Pasifika children.MethodA secondary cross‐sectional analysis of linked routinely collected national databases of children (Pasifika and Non‐Māori non‐Pasifika [NMNP]) aged 0–9 years in 2013 who completed a Before School Check (B4SC) and had their birth parents file a 2013 New Zealand census return. Parental education is represented by their self‐reported highest qualification level gained. Logistic regression models were employed to investigate childhood caries and hospitalisations related to oral health conditions after adjusting for social and economic factors.ResultsDuring the five‐year period of 2013–2017, 21 744 (10.2%) children (Pasifika and NMNP) completed the B4SC and experienced caries. Pasifika children experienced caries three times more than NMNP children (23.6% and 7.9%, respectively) and 1.8 times more dental hospitalisations (6.0% and 3.4%, respectively). Each additional level of parental education reduced their Pasifika child's odds of experiencing caries (unadjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.82–0.85) and dental hospitalization (unadjusted OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.87–0.91). Less than half of the reduced odds for parental education could be attributed to other covariate factors, by 43% and 25%; respectively, for caries and hospitalisations.ConclusionsOur findings show good educational achievement is associated with better oral health for offspring beyond other benefits that can be attributed to non‐education influences. Increased education for Pasifika parents is likely to directly confer better oral health for their children. The findings from this study may provide meaningful evidence for future developments in Pasifika education policy as an investment into the health of subsequent generations of Pasifika children.