“…There is an extensive extant literature describing deleterious macro-and microenvironmental aspects of families in which substance abuse is a significant problem. Among the variables commonly described as less optimal for drug/alcohol-using families are: physical disease/disability, economic resources, abuse/neglect, psychopathology, stress, and social support (Chaffin, Kelleher, & Hollenberg, 1996;Fitzgerald, Sullivan, Ham, Zucker, Bruckel, & Schneider, 1993;Fullilove et al, 1993;Jaudes, Ekwo, & Van Voorhis, 1995;Kelley, 1992;Mayes, 1995;Nyberg, Allebeck, Eklund, & Jacobsen, 1992;Schuler, Black, & Starr, 1995;Singer, Arendt, Farkas, Minnes, Huang, & Yamshita, 1997;Smith, Dent, Coles, & Falek, 1992;Tronick & Beeghly, 1999).…”