“…Numerous observational studies have shown that dominance hierarchies form early in life and gradually become stable with age ( La Freniere and Charlesworth, 1983 ; Pellegrini et al., 2007 ; Roseth et al., 2007 ; Strayer and Trudel, 1984 ). In the past decades, the stably existing social hierarchies in preschool children have promoted researchers to explore the influences of multiple factors, such as age, sex, intelligence, social skills, parenting style, moral education, and cultural background ( Charafeddine et al., 2016 ; Hawley, 1999 , 2002 ; Hawley and John Geldhof, 2012 ; Keating and Bai, 1986 ; McDonald et al., 2013 ; Neppl and Murray, 1997 ; Pellegrini et al., 2007 ; Reifen Tagar et al., 2017 ; Roseth et al., 2011 ). Children with more aggressive behaviors are usually recognized as higher-ranking status in their group ( Hawley, 2007 ; Roseth et al., 2011 ; Sluckin and Smith, 1977 ; Strayer and Strayer, 1976 ).…”