Parenting and childcare responsibilities, harm reduction service engagement, and opioid overdose among women and men who use illicit opioids in New York City

Scheidell, Joy D.; Hoff, Lee Ann; Khan, Maria R.; Bennett, Alex S.; Elliott, Luther

doi:10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100054

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Weighted mean numbers of children by parental past-year drug use, age, sex, and race and ethnicity are presented in eTable 1 in Supplement 1. For both men and women, the largest mean number of children was among parents aged 26 to 40 The rate of community-dwelling children who lost a parent to drug overdose per 100 000 children increased from 27.0 per 100 000 (95% CI, 23.5-30.3) in 2011 to 63.1 per 100 000 (95% CI, 55.8-69.9) in 2021, a 134% increase (Figure 1). The highest rates were consistently found among children of non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native people throughout the study period.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, specific parenting interventions, including peer-to-peer parenting training, are not often included in treatment . It is also evident that being a parent may increase challenges with obtaining substance use disorder treatment or harm reduction services due to concerns about child protective services, internalized guilt and shame, and the practical demands of parenting . For pregnant persons, these concerns may be amplified .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimated Number of Children Who Lost a Parent to Drug Overdose in the US From 2011 to 2021

Jones,

Zhang,

Han

et al. 2024

JAMA Psychiatry

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ImportanceParents’ overdose death can have a profound short- and long-term impact on their children, yet little is known about the number of children who have lost a parent to drug overdose in the US.ObjectiveTo estimate the number and rate of children who have lost a parent to drug overdose from 2011 to 2021 overall and by parental age, sex, and race and ethnicity.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a cross-sectional study of US community-dwelling persons using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2010-2014 and 2015-2019) and the National Vital Statistics System (2011-2021). Data were analyzed from January to June 2023.ExposureParental drug overdose death, stratified by age group, sex, and race and ethnicity.Main Outcomes and MeasuresNumbers, rates, and average annual percentage change (AAPC) in rates of children losing a parent aged 18 to 64 years to drug overdose, overall and by age, sex, and race and ethnicity.ResultsFrom 2011 to 2021, 649 599 adults aged 18 to 64 years died from a drug overdose (mean [SD] age, 41.7 [12.0] years; 430 050 [66.2%] male and 219 549 [33.8%] female; 62 606 [9.6%] Hispanic, 6899 [1.1%] non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, 6133 [0.9%] non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander, 82 313 [12.7%] non-Hispanic Black, 485 623 [74.8%] non-Hispanic White, and 6025 [0.9%] non-Hispanic with more than 1 race). Among these decedents, from 2011 to 2021, an estimated 321 566 (95% CI, 276 592-366 662) community-dwelling children lost a parent aged 18 to 64 years to drug overdose. The rate of community-dwelling children who lost a parent to drug overdose per 100 000 children increased from 27.0 per 100 000 in 2011 to 63.1 per 100 000 in 2021. The highest rates were found among children of non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native individuals, who had a rate of 187.1 per 100 000 in 2021, more than double the rate among children of non-Hispanic White individuals (76.5 per 100 000) and non-Hispanic Black individuals (73.2 per 100 000). While rates increased consistently each year for all parental age, sex, and race and ethnicity groups, non-Hispanic Black parents aged 18 to 25 years had the largest AAPC (23.8%; 95% CI, 16.5-31.6). Rates increased for both fathers and mothers; however, more children overall lost fathers (estimated 192 459; 95% CI, 164 081-220 838) than mothers (estimated 129 107; 95% CI, 112 510-145 824).Conclusions and RelevanceAn estimated 321 566 children lost a parent to drug overdose in the US from 2011 to 2021, with significant disparities evident across racial and ethnic groups. Given the potential short- and long-term negative impact of parental loss, program and policy planning should ensure that responses to the overdose crisis account for the full burden of drug overdose on families and children, including addressing the economic, social, educational, and health care needs of children who have lost parents to overdose.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated Number of Children Who Lost a Parent to Drug Overdose in the US From 2011 to 2021

Jones,

Zhang,

Han

et al. 2024

JAMA Psychiatry

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“…Relapse after incarceration-induced abstinence is associated with an exponential increase in overdose fatality. [161][162][163] Because women with SUD experience unique structural and social vulnerabilities that impact both relapse and overdose risk (eg, drug-involved romantic relationships, interpersonal violence, lifetime adverse experiences, poor mental health, parenting-related stress, and unequal gendered power Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation 2023:14 https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S409944 DovePress 139 dynamics) 146,147,164,165 interventions that address these types of underlying factors are critical in having a long-term, sustainable impact on successful recovery among women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…144 Risk of relapse during the reentry period and the associated overdose risk may be further complicated by the vulnerabilities experienced by women both before, and following incarceration (eg, mental health problems, parenting-related stress, and history of victimization). 44,146,147 These vulnerabilities are an important consideration when connecting women to community care, and interventions that address these needs holistically are critical in ensuring positive reentry outcomes for women, including risk reduction of relapse and/or overdose.…”

Section: Referrals and Linkages To Community Care For Women After Rel...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying and Treating Incarcerated Women Experiencing Substance Use Disorders: A Review

Staton,

Tillson,

Levi

et al. 2023

SAR

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While research on substance use disorder (SUD) treatment among justice-involved populations has grown in recent years, the majority of corrections-based SUD studies have predominantly included incarcerated men or men on community supervision. This review 1) highlights special considerations for incarcerated women that may serve as facilitating factors or barriers to SUD treatment; 2) describes selected evidence-based practices for women along the cascade of care for SUD including screening and assessment, treatment and intervention strategies, and referral to services during community re-entry; and 3) discusses conclusions and implications for SUD treatment for incarcerated women.

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“…Another recent study concluded that people who use illicit opioids and have children face unique challenges in accessing substance use treatment programs. Specifically, women engaged in illicit opioid use and who live with children are more likely to avoid accessing substance use treatment programs for fear of involvement with child welfare agencies and are less likely to be trained to use Naloxone (Scheidell, Hoff, Khan, Bennett, & Elliott, 2022). The purpose of the present study is to describe the harm reduction strategies utilized by individuals experiencing homelessness as well as their efforts to cut down and quit using SCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Stage of Change and Harm Reduction Strategies for Synthetic Cannabinoid Use Among Individuals Experiencing Homelessness in Houston, Texas

Celeste-Villalvir

Crouch²,

Witte

et al. 2023

Journal of Drug Issues

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Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are low-cost substances that have been associated with adverse health outcomes and an increase in emergency department visits over recent years, particularly among people experiencing homelessness. This mixed methods study explored the connection between homelessness, SC use, and readiness to quit in order to inform the development of harm reduction strategies. Individuals (18+) residing in homeless encampments in Houston, TX with experiences of SC use were eligible to participate. Participants ( N = 65) completed an interviewer-administered survey about their SC use. Most participants were Black/African American (65.7%), male (82.9%), and most (75.4%) reported using SCs to avoid positive drug tests. Many wanted to quit using SCs (69.2%) and already employed harm reduction strategies while using SCs. Organizations supporting individuals experiencing homelessness who use SCs should focus on reducing barriers to stopping SC use and increasing the availability of housing and supportive services.

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Parenting and childcare responsibilities, harm reduction service engagement, and opioid overdose among women and men who use illicit opioids in New York City

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Estimated Number of Children Who Lost a Parent to Drug Overdose in the US From 2011 to 2021

Estimated Number of Children Who Lost a Parent to Drug Overdose in the US From 2011 to 2021

Identifying and Treating Incarcerated Women Experiencing Substance Use Disorders: A Review

Assessing Stage of Change and Harm Reduction Strategies for Synthetic Cannabinoid Use Among Individuals Experiencing Homelessness in Houston, Texas

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